Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien

Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg

Theo Stalberg

Georg Knuebel

Thomas Markert

Ulf-Armin Schaper

Andreas Bomhard

Bernhard Gutsche

Klaus Bruns

Thomas Gerke

Matthias Fies

Markus Schneider

Harald Roessler

Processes and apparatus for producing esters are described. The processes include: (a) providing a liquid reaction mixture comprising (i) an unsaturated carboxylic acid having a boiling point greater than water, (ii) a polyhydric alcohol, and (iii) a first polymerization inhibitor, in a reaction zone having an inner surface; (b) reacting the acid and the polyhydric alcohol to form an ester, such that a gas/vapor phase is formed comprising water of reaction; (c) removing at least a portion of the gas/vapor phase from the reaction zone to a dephlegmation zone having an inner surface; (d) partially condensing the portion of the gas/vapor phase in the dephlegmation zone such that a condensate is formed; and (e) returning the condensate to the reaction zone; wherein a second polymerization inhibitor is introduced into the dephlegmation zone such that the portion of the gas/vapor phase and/or the condensate are contacted with the second polymerization inhibitor. Apparatus for carrying out the processes are also described.

Processes for producing esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols with limited polymerization, and apparatus therefor

Process for the production of 8 .alpha.,

Process for reducing the content of halogen-containing organic compounds

Process for the production of sclareolide

Process for the stereoselective preparation of 8.alpha., 12-oxido-13,

Growing community of inventors

Monheim, Germany

Theo Stalberg