Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha

Other

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Tetsuyuki Kurata

Takahiro Nishioka

Tetsuya Satake

Susumu Sato

Yoshihiro Togashi

Yasuhiro Yoshida

Shigeru Aihara

Hisashi Shiota

Daigo Takemura

Michio Murai

Hiroaki Urushibata

Tadashi Saito

Osamu Hayashi

Hideharu Nobutoki

Osamu Hiroi

Takayuki Nakano

Yoshimitsu Ishikawa

Hiroshi Koezuka

Yasuhisa Tamagawa

Yukiyasu Nakao

Hiroyuki Fuchigami

Shintaro Minami

Hitoshi Koyama

Kazuko Wakita

Toshiaki Maehara

Makoto Kamozawa

A transverse electric field mode liquid crystal display device capable of improving the viewing angle characteristic in black display at an oblique viewing angle with a simple structure is provided. In the liquid crystal display device in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, (a) the product (&#x394;n&#xb7;d) of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates and the refractive index anisotropy &#x394;n of the liquid crystal layer is within the range of 320 nm&#xb1;20 nm, (b) each of the pair of polarizing plates is composed of a polarizer and transparent protective films sandwiching the polarizer therebetween, and the polarizing plate and the substrate are directly stuck together without any retardation film or optical compensation layer interposed therebetween, (c) the delay phase axis of the transparent protective film that protects the liquid crystal layer side is generally parallel with the absorption axis of the polarizer in each of the pair of polarizing plates, and (d) the in-plane retardation Re is equal to or less than 10 nm, and the retardation in thickness direction Rth is no less than 30 nm and no greater than 40 nm for the transparent protective film that protects the liquid crystal layer side in each of the pair of polarizing plates.

Liquid crystal display device

Light from a light sourceis linearly polarized by a polarizerThen it propagates via a half-mirroralmost parallel to the normal to a reflective liquid-crystal paneland falls on the reflective liquid-crystal panelThe reflected light reflected by the reflective liquid-crystal panelis received by a detectorvia the half-mirrorand an analyzerIn this state, the reflective liquid-crystal panelis rotated about an axis almost parallel to the normal to the reflective liquid-crystal paneland an angle (extinction angle) at which the output signal of detectorreaches minimum is measured. Then, the gap of the reflective liquid-crystal panelis detected based on the measured extinction angle. It is also possible to measure the output signals of detectorby arranging the analyzerin a state in which the transmission axis thereof is almost parallel to the polarization direction of the incident light and a state in which it is almost perpendicular thereto and to detect the gap of the reflective liquid-crystal panelbased on the measured signals.

Method and apparatus for detecting gap of liquid-crystal panel and apparatus therefor

An apparatus for detecting a pretilt angle is comprised of a light source a polarizer a liquid-crystal cell a quarter-wave plate an analyzer a photodetector and a processing device. The processing device receives from the photodetector transmitted light intensities of light that is transmitted through the liquid-crystal cell at a plurality of light incident angles. The processing device calculates Stokes parameters corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles based upon the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles. Furthermore, an apparent retardation corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles is determined based upon the Stokes parameters corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles. The pretilt angle of the liquid-crystal cell is determined based upon the determined apparent retardation corresponding to the plurality of light incident angles.

Pretilt angle measuring method and measuring instrument

A liquid crystal display device has an elliptic polarizer consisting of a polarizer, a first retarder, and a second retarder, and a reflector reflecting light in a visual light range. Optimal values for a twist angle of a liquid crystal layer, an angle between a transmission axis of the polarizer and a slow axis of the first retarder, an angle between the slow axis of the first retarder and a slow axis of the second retarder, and a product of birefringence &Dgr;n of liquid crystal material used in the liquid crystal layer and a thickness d of the liquid crystal layer are evaluated.

An infrared transparent optical element for use as an optical window for an infrared imaging camera includes an infrared transparent substrate, an antireflection film, and a protective film of a polymer material. The infrared transparent substrate has first and second major surfaces opposite each other, and the antireflection film is disposed on each of the first and second major surfaces of the substrate. The protective film is on an outer surface of the antireflection film on the first major surface of the substrate.

Infrared transparent optical element and infrared imaging camera using the same

Package for nonaqueous electrolyte cell and cell comprising the same

A liquid crystal display device with an In-panel switching system mode includes a conductive body for adjusting an electric field, disposed between elongated electrodes such that the conductive member is electrically isolated from the elongated electrodes.

An organic nonlinear optical material comprising a compound having the iodonium salt structure represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein .pi..sub.1 to .pi..sub.n are the same or different and each is an atomic group having .pi. electron, I.sub.1 to I.sub.n-1 are an iodonium cation, A.sub.1 to A.sub.n-1 are the same or different and each is a counter anion for the iodonium cation, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or an electron donative group, and n is an integer of 2 to 4. The material has large nonlinear optical constants and shows no light absorption in the visible light region.

Organic nonlinear optical material and nonlinear optical element using

A photoresist is applied on a substrate and exposed using a reduction optical system. The photoresist is adapted to have a non-linear optical effect in which the light absorption coefficient or the photochemical reaction efficiency changes non-linearly with respect to light intensity, the photoresist reacts to the second harmonic or the tertiary harmonic, or it presents a self convergence effect.

Photoresist

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Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuyuki Kurata