Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Tetsuro Morino

Matsumi Suzuki

Shozo Yokota

Shigeki Yamashita

Saburo Kitamoto

In printing images, desired portions of surface of ink are risen by utilizing electrostatic force (Coulomb force), whereby the ink is transferred onto a printing medium placed adjacent to the ink surface. In order to rise the desired portions of the ink level, a printing apparatus has such construction that a plurality of printing electrodes are provided in such a way that the end portions thereof are positioned slightly below the ink surface level, while an auxiliary electrode is disposed opposite to the printing electrodes over the ink surface.

Method and apparatus for printing image

This system verifies the voice of a specific speaker (A) through verification of vocal sounds which form a previously-recorded recognition phrase spoken by A and others. Parallel filters derive a spectral characteristic parameter x.sub.i which contains weighting factors .alpha..sub.i, .beta..sub.i, and which represents a corresponding vocal sound x.sub.i. Improved specificity over other speakers is attained by a Characteristic Feature Extractor which varies .alpha..sub.i, .beta..sub.i, through p different values, thus deriving a set of p parameters (x.sub.ik) for each vocal sound x.sub.i, thus allowing emphasis of the specific vocal sound x.sub.i as spoken by a specific speaker, over that of competing sounds and speakers.

Voice verification system based on word pronunciation

Speech recognition in prior art uses one extracted characteristic component (x.sub.i) to represent one phoneme (X.sub.i) as spoken by one speaker. This invention provides for recognizing the same phoneme as spoken by different speakers, by deriving a group of such components (x.sub.ik), each a slight variant of the others, to allow finding one component most similar to both the specific phoneme and specific speaker, the method comprising the steps of: normalizing the sound pressure level of an input speech from an unknown speaker; analyzing the normalized voice in a plurality of channels having different frequencies; setting, with respect to the output F.sub.j of each frequency band thus analyzed, a weight .alpha..sub.j of the output F.sub.j so that weight .alpha..sub.j corresponds to a characteristic of a predetermined phoneme X.sub.i ; extracting the characteristic component x.sub.i of the phoneme X.sub.i, setting a weight .beta..sub.j of output F.sub.j so that, when the extracted characteristic component x.sub.i causes a malfunction or error due to another phoneme X.sub.e, a characteristic of phoneme X.sub.e is corresponded to; simultaneously extracting the characteristic component x.sub.e of phoneme X.sub.e and, when the difference between the characteristic components thus extracted is greater than a predetermined threshold value .gamma..sub.i, applying the difference as a characteristic parameter for the phoneme x.sub.i ; expanding the characteristic parameter to obtain a characteristic parameter group based on the characteristic parameter, each being slightly different from each other so as to be adapted for individual characteristics of different speakers; subsequently extracting from the characteristic parameter group a characteristic parameter, having maximum similarity to a reference parameter previously memorized, as an adaptive parameter adaptive to the unknown speaker; and, matching a standard pattern derived from the extracted adaptive parameters with an unknown pattern corresponding to the unknown speakers, thereby effecting recognition or analysis of the voice.

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Kanagawa, Japan

Tetsuro Morino