Hitachi, Ltd.

Tetsuro Minemura

Makoto Tsumura

Kenichi Onisawa

Masaya Adachi

Toshiki Kaneko

Ikuo Hiyama

Hisashi Ando

Kikuo Ono

Isao Ikuta

Yoshiaki Kita

Hideo Sato

Yoshiaki Nakayoshi

Yoshiro Mikami

Kazuhiro Ogawa

Etsuko Nishimura

Masahiko Suzuki

Yasuhiro Koizumi

Kenichi Hashimoto

Takeshi Satou

Kenichi Chahara

Katsunori Nakajima

Kouichi Nose

Isao Tokomoto

Hiroki Sakuta

Yasushi Ihara

Kiyoshi Konno

Shiro Takigawa

Kazuo Uetani

Akira Katou

Shinichi Komura

Yoshiharu Nagae

Masahiko Ando

Shoichi Hirota

Takashi Suzuki

Tetsuo Ito

Kazuhito Masuda

Masuyuki Ota

Ryuji Watanabe

Hisashi Andoh

Masaichi Nagai

Yoshihito Maeda

Tatsuya Ohkubo

Kazuhiro Kuwabara

Seiki Shimizu

Mituo Nakamura

Yosimi Katou

A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal layer; a backlight apparatus arranged at one side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; a polarizer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the backlight apparatus; a luminous intensity distribution control element arranged at the other side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; an analyzer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the luminous intensity distribution control element, wherein the luminous intensity distribution control element comprises a transparent base member, a plural lenses arranged on the transparent base member, and a light absorbing layer having small opening portions substantially at focal positions of an individual lens of the plural lenses, and the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body substantially optically isotropic or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotropy.

Luminous intensity distribution control device and display having the same

A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal layer between a couple of substrates; a backlight apparatus arranged at one side of the couple of substrates; a polarizer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the backlight apparatus; a luminous intensity distribution control element arranged at the other side of the couple of substrates; an analyzer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the luminous intensity distribution control element, wherein the luminous intensity distribution control element comprises a transparent base member, a plural lenses arranged on the transparent base member, and a light absorbing layer having small opening portions substantially at focal positions of an individual lens of the plural lenses, and the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body substantially optically isotropic or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotropy.

There is eliminated a fringe pattern produced at the time of incidence of polarized light of a light distribution control element, in which stray light derived from outside unnecessary light in a liquid crystal display apparatus or the like can be effectively reduced, and bright, wide viewing angle characteristics are achieved as viewed at any angle by an observer. In the light distribution control element () constituted of a transparent base member (), an array of a plurality of micro-lenses (transparent beads) densely arranged on the transparent base member and a light absorbing layer having very small opening portions substantially at focal positions of the micro-lenses, the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body which is substantially isotropic optically or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotropy.

It is possible to eliminate a fringe pattern produced at the time of incidence of polarized light of a light distribution control element, in which stray light derived from outside unnecessary light in a liquid crystal display apparatus of the like can be effectively reduced, and bright, wide viewing angle characteristics can be achieved when the display is viewed at any angle by an observer. In a light distribution control element constituted of a transparent base member, an array of a plurality of micro-lenses (transparent beads densely arrange on the transparent base member and a light absorbing layer having very small opening portions substantially at focal positions of the micro-lenses, the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body which is substantially isotropic optically or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotrophy.

A plasma display panel (PDP), consisting of a front panel ( ) equipped with display electrodes ( ) and a rear panel ( ) equipped with address electrodes ( ), that displays an image by causing discharge in a small discharge space formed between the two panels; wherein there are provided two layers of protective films ( ), made of metallic oxide, covering the dielectric layer ( ) installed on the front panel ( ); the outer, upper layer ( ) being formed into a layer of material with a specific surface area of 20 m /g or more and a film thickness of 1 &mgr;m or less, exhibiting a high discharge characteristic; and the inner, lower layer ( ) being formed into a layer of material with a specific surface area of 10 m /g or less and a film thickness of 1 &mgr;m or more, exhibiting a low water-adsorption characteristic.

Plasma display panel

There is provided a plasma display panel (PDP), consisting of a front panel ( ) equipped with display electrodes ( ) and a rear panel ( ) equipped with address electrodes ( ), that displays an image by causing discharge in a small discharge space formed between the two panels; wherein there are provided two layers of protective films ( ), made of metallic oxide, covering the dielectric layer ( ) installed on the front panel ( ); the outer, upper layer ( ) being formed into a layer of material with a specific surface area of 20 m /g or more and a film thickness of 1 &mgr;m or less, exhibiting a high discharge characteristic; and the inner, lower layer ( ) being formed into a layer of material with a specific surface area of 10 m /g or less and a film thickness of 1 &mgr;m or more, exhibiting a low water-adsorption characteristic.

It is possible eliminate a fringe pattern produced at the time of incidence of polarized light of a light distribution control element, in which stray light derived from outside unnecessary light in a liquid crystal display apparatus or the like can be effectively reduced, and bright, wide viewing angle characteristics can be achieved when the display is viewed at any angle by an observer. In a light distribution control element constituted of a transparent base member, an array of a plurality of micro-lenses (transparent beads) densely arranged on the transparent base member and a light absorbing layer having very small opening portions substantially at focal positions of the micro-lenses, the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body which is substantially isotropic optically or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotropy.

In an active matrix type liquid crystal display device, at least material of one element, forming the connecting portion between signal transfer lines related to the scan lines and the data signal lines of the device, is an alloy of at least a chemical element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Mo, Ta, and W, with Cr, the scan lines and means for generating scan pulses are connected to each other via a first opening formed in an insulating film, the data signal lines and the means for generating image data are connected to each other via a second opening formed in an insulating film, a polycrystalline thin film, which is connected to the means for generating scan pulses, is inserted into the first opening, and a polycrystalline thin film, which is connected to the means for generating image data, is inserted into the second opening, and the polycrystalline thin film is composed of indium tin oxide, which is made of mainly indium oxide and added tin oxide, having a specific resistance of, at the utmost, 6&times;10 &OHgr;cm.

Active matrix type liquid crystal display device having chromium alloy connecting portions which are other than the material of the data line or gate line

A liquid crystal display has pixels in domains surrounded by data signal lines and scanning signal lines. Each of the pixels has a voltage holding device for a positive polarity and a voltage holding device for a negative polarity, two lines of voltage holding interconnections which always apply a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage of a voltage applied to the data signal lines formed for holding the voltage, and a switching device for switching between outputs from the voltage holding devices. One time or more within one frame time period thereof, the switching is performed between the voltage holding device for a positive polarity and the voltage holding device for a negative polarity.

Liquid crystal display

In an active matrix type liquid crystal display device, at least material of one element, forming the connecting portion between signal transfer lines related to the scan lines and the data signal lines of the device, is an alloy of at least a chemical element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Mo, Ta, and W, with Cr, the scan lines and means for generating scan pulses are connected to each other via a first opening formed in an insulating film, the data signal lines and the means for generating image data are connected to each other via a second opening formed in an insulating film, a polycrystalline thin film, which is connected to the means for generating scan pulses, is inserted into the first opening, and a polycrystalline thin film, which is connected to the means for generating image data, is inserted into the second opening, and the polycrystalline thin film is composed of indium tin oxide, which is made of mainly indium oxide and added tin oxide, having a specific resistance of, at the utmost, 6&times;10,&OHgr;cm.

Active matrix type liquid crystal display device having chromium alloy connecting portions at pixel electrode or near driving circuit terminals

An improved liquid crystal display apparatus for low power consumption is provided, within each of the regions surrounded by a plurality of scanning electrodes and a plurality of signal electrodes, with a display data holding circuit connected to the corresponding scanning electrodes and signal electrodes, for fetching and storing a display data from the signal electrode in response to a scanning signal; a switching device connected to the display data holding circuit, its switching operation being controlled by the holding circuit; and a display electrode connected to the switching device.

Liquid crystal display apparatus

In order to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus having bright image display and a preferred production yield, a gate insulating film under a transparent pixel electrode on a transparent substrate is provided with an aperture smaller than a plane area of the pixel electrode, and a source electrode pattern under the pixel electrode is composed so as to cross the aperture. Thin film transistors (TFT) of the liquid crystal display apparatus have a gate electrode and a laminate layer of a gate insulating film and a semiconductor film. End portions of the gate electrode and the laminate layer are tapered, and the end portion of the gate electrode is tapered with a taper angle equal to or less than three times (where, less than 90.degree.) of a taper angle at the end portion of the laminate layer.

In order to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus having bright image display and a preferable production yield, a gate insulating film under a transparent pixel electrode on a transparent substrate is provided with an aperture smaller than a plane area of the pixel electrode, a source electrode pattern under the pixel electrode is composed so as to cross the aperture, and thin film transistor (TFT) having a gate electrode of which end portion is tapered with a taper angle equal to or less than three times (where, less than 90.degree.) of a taper angle at the end portion of a semiconductor pattern is provided.

Active matrix crystal display apparatus using thin film transistor

An active matrix type liquid-crystal display device wherein a plurality of gate wiring lines and drain wiring lines which cross perpendicularly to each other are laid on a first of two insulating substrates. The gate wiring lines and the drain wiring lines are electrically insulated from each other at areas where they crossover each other and thin-film transistors are respectively arranged near the individual crossover areas with their respective source electrodes connected to corresponding ones of transparent pixel electrodes disposed near the source electrodes, with their respective drain electrodes connected to the drain wiring lines, and with their respective gate electrodes connected to the gate wiring lines. The above structure, which includes the first insulating substrate, is covered with either only alignment layers or both protective insulating layers and alignment layers. Sets of transparent electrodes and alignment layers, each of the sets being opposite to a corresponding one of the transparent pixel electrodes, are disposed on a second of the two insulating substrates, the second insulating substrate being transparent and being located in opposition to the first insulating substrate. A liquid crystal is held between the two insulating substrates. The gate wiring lines as well as the drain wiring lines, and the transparent electrodes which are opposite to the wiring lines on the transparent insulating substrate are connected to liquid-crystal driver circuits which are provided outside the liquid-crystal display device. The improvement to the liquid crystal display device comprises the fact that the drain wiring lines, and the drain electrodes and the source electrodes of the thin-film transistors are formed of the same material as that of the transparent pixel electrodes, and that the transparent pixel electrodes are made thinner than the drain wiring parts.

Active matrix liquid-crystal display device having ITO signal lines and

The present invention discloses a connector comprising: an insulating substrate having a plurality of through-holes and having a desired first circuit pattern formed on the substrate; female contactors each being formed and fixed around the edge of the through-hole and having an opening, an edge of which extends inwardly of the through-hole, said female contactors being electrically connected to said first pattern; and a male contactor comprising an insulating substrate having a desired second circuit pattern thereon and a plurality of male contactor pins fixed to the substrate and electrically connected to said second pattern, said pins each being located in a position corresponding to each of the openings of said female contactors, wherein said female contactors are made of a thin film of a shape memory alloy and the edge of each of the female contactors is given, before inserting each of the male contactor pins, such a shape memory that the contactor is returned to a position to close the opening when said contactor is subjected to a temperature above the martensitic transition temperature.

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Hitachioota, Japan

Tetsuro Minemura