Tdk Corporation

Mizusawa Industrial Chemicals, Ltd.

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Incorporated

Tetsu Sato

Hiroshi Igarashi

Keitaro Otsuki

Hitoshi Ishida

Yoshinobu Komatsu

Masahiro Saegusa

Madoka Minagawa

Teiji Sato

Masami Kondo

Hiroshi Ogawa

Kouji Inoue

Masami Kondou

A negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a spectral reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0&#x2264;Ra&#x2264;10.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Negative electrode active material layer with controlled reflectance and lithium ion secondary battery

A positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer that is provided on the positive electrode current collector and that includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder. A surface of the positive electrode active material layer has a reflectance Rc in a range of 2.0&#x2264;Rc&#x2264;12.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes: the positive electrode; a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and that includes a negative electrode active material; a separator; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.5&#x2264;Ra&#x2264;16.0% at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Positive electrode and lithium ion secondary battery

A negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer that is provided on the negative electrode current collector and includes a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode active material includes a carbon material, and a surface of the negative electrode active material layer has a reflectance Ra in a range of 7.0&#x2264;Ra&#x2264;14.8% at a wavelength of 550 nm. A lithium ion secondary battery includes the negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution includes a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte, the nonaqueous solvent contains ethylene carbonate, and the ethylene carbonate is contained in a range of 10 to 30 vol. % in the entire nonaqueous solvent.

The method for rendering using symplectic ray tracing is comprised the step of fixing the location of observation, fixing view screen of observation, practicing the symplectic ray tracing, acquiring the information of the color where the light rays cross the surface of the objects, rendering the objects according to the information of the color acquired. The symplectic ray tracing of the present invention forms the Hamilton's canonical equation by applying the fast automatic differentiation techniques with the Hamiltonian H of the objects, and practices the symplectic integration by applying the symplectic Euler method to the formed Hamilton's canonical equation. The present invention can provide the apparatus and method for rendering which can visualize the phenomena in non-homogeneously transparent object or the four-dimensional black hole space time.

Method and apparatus for rendering using symplectic ray tracing

A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal, zinc metal and a divalent metal as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, exhibiting peaks at 2&thgr;&equals;2 to 15&deg;, 2&thgr;&equals;19.5 to 24&deg; and 2&thgr;&equals;33 to 50&deg;, and a single peak at 2&thgr;&equals;60 to 64&deg; in the X-ray diffraction (Cu-&agr;).

Zinc-modified composite polybasic salt, process for producing the same, and use

A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal and magnesium as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, and further has a degree of orientation (I ) of not smaller than 1.5.

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Tokyo, Japan

Tetsu Sato