Hitachi, Ltd.

Takeda Chemical Industries, Inc.

Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.

Nitto-denko Corporation

Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited

Denko Corporation

Teruo Kitamura

Akio Mukoh

Hisao Yokokura

Katsumi Kondo

Mikio Sato

Mitsuru Kawada

Koichi Matsumura

Susumu Era

Yasuhiko Kando

Kishiro Iwasaki

Shintaroo Hattori

Tadao Nakata

Yasuo Hanawa

Yuka Sudo

Masahiro Yoshida

Junichi Hirakata

Kenji Suzuki

Masato Isogai

Yoshiaki Okabe

Tsunenori Fujii

Yoshihiro Sugihara

Hisashi Okawa

Kaoru Koto

Hidetoshi Abe

Yasuo Fujimura

Noboru Masutani

Tadao Nakada

Isoji Sakai

Yoshitaka Uesugi

Yoichi Hirai

Shinichi Komura

Osamu Ito

Takashi Inukai

Kenji Furukawa

Kanetsugu Terashima

Makoto Yoneya

Shuji Eguchi

Toshikazu Narahara

Masatsugu Ogata

Hirosada Morishita

Tetsuo Ozawa

Masaharu Kaneko

Fumio Nakano

Shunichi Numata

Shuichi Ohara

Naoki Kikuchi

Yasuo Imanishi

Masato Shimura

Ren Ito

Motomi Odamura

Tsunetaka Matsumoto

Kooji Fujisaki

Norimasa Kamezawa

Tetsuya Ohashi

Kenji Akeyama

Hideki Ohmori

Shinichi Saitoh

Kishiroo Iwasaki

A semiconductor device is provided with a stack of a plurality of semiconductor elements each having a bump deposited on each of surface electrodes, and a plurality of leads disposed closely adjacent to the stacked semiconductor elements, the leads being bonded to the bumps respectively thereby structurally integrally assembling the plural semiconductor elements.

Stacked high mounting density semiconductor devices

The invention relates to optically active compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, ##STR2## and M are defined as in the specification, methods and intermediates for their preparation, liquid crystal compositions comprising at least one optically active compound of formula I and their use in electrooptical display, switching and modulation devices.

Optically active compounds, liquid crystal compositions comprising said

The invention relates to optically active compounds represented by the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, and M are defined as in the specification, methods and intermediates for their preparation, liquid crystal compositions comprising at least one optically active compound of formula I and their use in electrooptical display, switching and modulation devices.

Optically active compounds, liquid crystal composition containing said

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal display element formed by holding, between two substrates at least one of which has a light-permeable electrode, a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules of a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and containing an optically active substance has a helical axis perpendicular to the substrates between the substrates and are helically oriented, and the liquid crystal molecules between the substrates have a twist angle of 180 to 270 degrees, and a phase plate formed by stacking water surface development films of an organic polymer with changing the orientation axes thereof at a constant angle, wherein the contrast ratio, a ratio between brightness in white display and brightness in black display, is remarkably excellent over that of a device obtained by stacking plastic films, and the transmissivity, a quotient of background brightness and light source brightness, is equivalent to that of a conventional double layer structure liquid crystal display device.

Liquid crystal display device and phase plate therefor

A liquid crystal display device characterized in comprising a set of substrates facing each other at least one of which is transparent, transparent electrodes provided respectively to each facing plane of the substrates, a light absorbing layer held between the transparent electrodes, and an electric power source for applying electric field to the light absorbing layer, and that the light absorbing layer is composed of two layers, each of the layers has dichroism, average light absorbing axis of the each layers without electric field is approximately parallel to the substrate plane and crossing each other almost orthogonally, and the average light absorbing axis of the each layers changes the axis direction by applying of electric field. In accordance with the present invention, the liquid crystal display device having eye-tireless bright display, long life time, and electric power saving character is realized.

Liquid crystal display device and display apparatus using same

There are disclosed an optically active compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, and M are defined as in the detailed explanation, and *-marked carbon atoms are each an asymmetric carbon atom; a liquid crystal composition comprising at least one optically active compound of said general formula and a liquid crystal optical modulator using the composition thereof.

Optically active compound, liquid crystal composition containing said

The polarizer of the present invention is composed of mediums having different refractive indices, by which ordinary light in incidented light is wholly reflected at a boundary between laminated medium I and medium II and extraordinary light is transmitted through the medium II. The medium II is so arranged as to be almost 45.degree. to the light axis, and thickness of the medium II is selected as a value with which the medium II works as a half wave length plate to the transmitting light. The polarizer, which has high transparency by reduction of absorption and is able to make most of incident light be similarly polarized light, is obtained. A polarizer for and apparatus for bright liquid crystal display, which is able to be enlarged to a large size display without light absorption, can be provided.

Unabsorbing type polarizer, method for manufacturing the same, polarized

The present invention discloses dichiral compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3, M and n have the same definitions as in the description portion of the specification), intermediates for preparation of said compounds, liquid crystal compositions comprising said compounds, and liquid crystal optical modulators using said compositions.

A liquid crystal display cell, wherein orientation films are made of an organic polymer such as polyimide, polyamide, liquid crystal polymer having one or more mesogen groups in a main chain or side chain and produced by spreading an organic polymer solution on a water surface, is excellent in memory properties and contrast and generates no static electricity, no short circuit between electrodes and no breaking of electrodes.

Liquid crystal display cell and process for producing the same

The present invention provides a liquid crystal light modulation device which has a cell comprising a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent and which have electrodes and are opposed through a spacer, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer which is enclosed in said cell and which has a phase series where a nematic phase (N*phase) or an isotropic phase (I phase) is shown on a just higher temperature side of a ferroelectric phase (smectic C* phase, Sc* phase) and two polarizing plates which sandwich the cell therebetween, liquid crystal molecules at one interface between the liquid crystal layer and the substrate being fixed to the substrate more weakly than liquid crystal molecules at the other interface between the liquid crystal and the substrate wherein the liquid crystal molecule weakly fixed is fixed to such an extent that inversion of spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystal molecule occurs upon application of an electrical field to the liquid crystal layer through the electrodes, orientation of the liquid crystal molecule at one interface and orientation of the liquid crystal molecule at the other interface can be either the state (a) of being nearly parallel to each other or the state (b) of crossing each other by the inversion of the spontaneous polarization and the two polarizing plates are arranged so that light transmittance is lower at the state (a) than at the state (b).

Liquid crystal light modulation device and liquid crystal light

A ferroelectric liquid crystal device which comprises at least one pair of counterposed substrates, a ferroelectric liquid crystal material provided between the substrates, means for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal material and provided at the substrates, an alignment-controlling layer provided on the surface on the liquid crystal material side of each of the substrates, and a sealing member at the peripheral edges of the substrates, the alignment-controlling layer being a film of an organic polymer whose .beta. dispersion temperature is higher than the curing temperature of a sealant for the sealing member, preferably at least 200.degree. C., has a good alignment state of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules achieved by cooling alone without any application of an electric field and has good display qualities such as a high contrast.

Ferroelectric liquid crystal device

A liquid crystal display element comprising a pair of substrates, a pair of electrodes provided on the respective substrates, at least one of which is transparent and a liquid crystal layer disposed between said substrates, the liquid crystal layer comprising a nematic liquid crystal, which exhibits a positive dielectric constant anisotropy and contains an optically active substance, the liquid crystal moleccule orientation direction in the liquid crystal layer is twisted in the range of 200.degree. to 250.degree. from the one substrate surface toward the other substrate surface so as to form a helical structure therein. A polyimide orientation film is provided between the electrodes and the liquid crystal layer. The polyimide orientation film is one made of a polyimide prepared by reacting a diamine compound having a long-chain hydrocarbon group or a diamine compound having a trifluoromethyl group with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and causes a pretilt angle of at least 3.degree. relative to the nematic liquid crystal molecules. The liquid crystal display element of the present invention is free from a scattering domain.

Liquid crystal polyimide alignment free of scattering domains

The element comprises a pair of transparent substrates, a pair of light-transmitting electrodes each provided on the respective substrates, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates and orientation control films for the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal provided between the electrodes and the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer. The orientation control film controls a tile angle of a biphenyle series nematic liquid crystal having biphenyl ring system below 1.5.degree. and causes a uniform molecule orientation characteristic and a memory property for the ferroelectric liquid crystal element of smectic C* liquid crystal and having a liquid crystal layer thickness of even more than 4 .mu.m.

Ferroelectric liquid crystal element with particular alignment film and

In a liquid crystal display device produced by forming an orientation controlling film on each surface of upper and lower substrates having an electrode, placing a liquid crystal composition between said substrates, and then sealing the periphery of the substrate, the response times, particularly those at low temperatures can be reduced by using, as the aforesaid liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal composition which is obtained by adding a material having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of -90.degree. C. or lower to a liquid crystal material base and has a T.sub.g of -82.degree. C. or lower.

Liquid crystal display device

Growing community of inventors

Katsuta, Japan

Teruo Kitamura