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Tero Viitanen

Bruno Agostini

Francisco Canales

Peter Muszynski

Antti Tarkiainen

Matti Laitinen

Sami Pettersson

Matti T Jussila

Frederick Kieferndorf

Risto Laurila

Ki-Bum Park

Paulius Pieteris

Ora Veli-Matti Leppänen

Esa Hautakorpi

Jussi Suortti

Roman Jauhonen

Jarno Alahuhtala

Veli-Matti Leppänen

Mikko Saarinen

Erkki Niemi

Raimo Heine

Hermanni Tervo

Mikko Purhonen

Ilpo Kangas

Antti-Ilmari Kekki

Olli Keski-rahkonen

Esa Salmi

A method for controlling a three-level brake chopper and a three-level brake chopper including, a first controllable semiconductor switch connected between a positive direct current pole and a first connection point, a second controllable semiconductor switch connected between the first connection point and a neutral direct current pole, a third controllable semiconductor switch connected between the neutral direct current pole and a second connection point, a fourth controllable semiconductor switch connected between the second connection point and a negative direct current pole, resistance means connected between the first connection point and the second connection point, and control means configured to control the second controllable semiconductor switch and the third controllable semiconductor switch into a conducting state in response to detecting a fault in the resistance means.

Three-level brake chopper and method for controlling three-level brake chopper

An arrangement for cooling a closed, sealed cabinet (), comprising a thermosiphon heat exchanger () disposed inside the cabinet () and having an evaporator () and a condenser () for circulating a working fluid between the evaporator () and the condenser () in a closed loop, wherein the working fluid evaporated in the evaporator () by heat flows to the condenser () for cooling and the condensed working fluid flows back to the evaporator (). The evaporator () is exposed to hot air flow generated inside the cabinet (), and a heat transfer element () is attached to the condenser () in a sealed manner through a cabinet wall () for transferring heat to the outside of the cabinet ().

Arrangement for cooling a closed cabinet

Inverter module

A three-level converter and a method for controlling a three-level converter, wherein the third (SSS), the fourth (SSS) and the fifth (SSS) controllable semiconductor switch of a switching branch having, out of all the switching branches, the most positive voltage in its alternating current pole (ACACAC) is controlled to be non-conductive for the whole period of time when the switching branch in question has the most positive voltage in its alternating current pole, and the first (SSS), the second (SSS) and the sixth (SSS) controllable semiconductor switch of a switching branch having, out of all the switching branches, the most negative voltage in its alternating current pole is controlled to be non-conductive for the whole period of time when the switching branch in question has the most negative voltage in its alternating current pole.

Three-level converter and method for controlling three-level converter

A switching branch for a three-level inverter, comprising a first and second switch (S, S) in series between a positive DC pole (P) and an AC pole (AC), a first and second diode (D, D) parallel to the first and second switches, a third and fourth switch (S, S) in series between a negative DC pole (N) and the AC pole, a third and fourth diode (D, D) parallel to the third and fourth switches, a fifth diode (D) between a neutral DC pole (M) and a point between the first and second switches, a sixth diode (D) between the neutral DC pole and a point between the third and fourth switches, a fifth switch (S) and a seventh diode (D) in series between the neutral DC and AC poles, and a sixth switch (S) and an eighth diode (D) in series between the neutral DC and AC poles.

Switching branch for three-level inverter and method for controlling switching branch of three-level inverter

The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus implementing the method for minimizing a circulating current of parallel-connected inverters. The method can include, for at least one parallel-connected inverter, measuring a common-mode voltage of the inverter, and controlling a cycle length of the switching cycle on the basis of the common-mode voltage.

Method and apparatus for minimising a circulating current or a common-mode voltage of an inverter

Exemplary embodiments are directed to a method for controlling a switching branch of a three-level converter to enter a stop state. The switching branch including a first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch, a first diode and a second diode, a third semiconductor switch and a fourth semiconductor switch, a third diode, and a fourth diode, a fifth semiconductor switch and a sixth semiconductor switch, a fifth diode, and a sixth diode, and a manner of controlling the semiconductor switches. When the switching branch is set to enter a stop state, current flowing in a main circuit of the switching branch is transferred in a controlled manner to diodes that conduct the current, when all the semiconductor switches of the main circuit of the converter are turned OFF.

Method for controlling switching branch of three-level converter and switching branch for three-level converter

Exemplary embodiments for controlling a switching branch for a three-level converter, and a switching branch are disclosed. A first semiconductor switch and a second semiconductor switch, a first diode and a second diode, a third semiconductor switch and a fourth semiconductor switch, a third diode, and a fourth diode, a fifth semiconductor switch and a sixth semiconductor switch, a fifth diode, and a sixth diode, and a control arrangement for controlling the semiconductor switches are provided. The first semiconductor switch, the first diode, the fifth semiconductor switch and the fifth diode reside in a first switching branch-specific semiconductor module, and the fourth semiconductor switch, the fourth diode, the sixth semiconductor switch and the sixth diode reside in a second switching branch-specific semiconductor module.

Switching branch for three-level converter and method for controlling switching branch of three-level converter

A system and a method for compensating harmonic components or a reactive power of an electrical network. The system comprises a measurement unit () configured to measure an electrical quantity to be compensated, a control unit () configured to determine harmonics contents or a reactive power need of the measured electrical quantity to be compensated as well as to determine, as relative values, desired values corresponding with the harmonics to be compensated or the reactive power to be compensated, one or more compensation units () configured, responsive to the desired values provided by the control unit (), to generate harmonic components or a reactive current according to the desired values given as relative values, and a communications connection () configured to communicate the desired values determined by the control unit () to the compensation units ().

Compensation of harmonics of electrical network

A switching branch for a three-level rectifier and a method for controlling a switching branch for a three-level rectifier are provided. The switching branch includes a first diode and a second diode connected in series, a third diode and a fourth diode connected in series, a first controllable switch connected between a neutral DC output pole and a connection point between the first and the second diode, and a second controllable switch connected between the neutral DC output pole and a connection point between the third and the fourth diode. The switching branch controls the first controllable switch to be in a conductive state during a reverse blocking state of the first diode and the second diode, and controls the second controllable switch to be in a conductive state during a reverse blocking state of the third diode and the fourth diode.

Switching branch for three-level rectifier and method for controlling switching branch for three-level rectifier

A two-level or multi-level inverter are supplied with a positive auxiliary voltage (Ug+) and a negative auxiliary voltage (Ug&#x2212;). A bootstrap technique provides a first positive auxiliary voltage and a first negative auxiliary voltage from the supplied potentials. The bootstrap technique provides at least one additional negative auxiliary voltage to a switch driver of at least one semiconductor switch from the first negative auxiliary voltage. At the start up of an inverter, the inverter can perform a startup sequence to provide auxiliary voltages to the respective auxiliary voltage inputs of the switch drivers by turning the power semiconductors sequentially on and off.

Inverter

A method of determining a rotational state of a three-phase alternating voltage supply which is connected to a converter and rotating in an uncontrolled manner, wherein the converter is connected to an intermediate voltage circuit and comprises phase-specific upper and lower controllable switches, which are connected in series between the intermediate voltage circuit, free-wheeling diodes connected in parallel with each of the controllable switches, and resistive circuits connected in parallel with the lower controllable switches. The method comprises the steps of selecting a voltage limit, comparing the voltages of the alternating voltage supply in the resistive circuits with the voltage limit, determining a first time instant when any of the voltages of the resistive circuits crosses the voltage limit, determining a second time instant when any of the voltages of the resistive circuits subsequently crosses the voltage limit, determining the phase sequence of the converter output phases from the phases that crossed the voltage limit at the first and second time instants, determining the frequency of the alternating voltage source from the determined time instants, the method being applicable when the voltage of the intermediate circuit is equal to or higher than the voltage of the alternating voltage source.

Method in connection with frequency converter

A method of controlling a brake chopper and a control arrangement, the brake chopper being connected between the positive and the negative rails of an intermediate voltage circuit feeding an inverter bridge, wherein current measurement means are arranged between a DC voltage source and the brake chopper and adapted to measure DC current flowing in the intermediate voltage circuit, which method comprises steps of forming with the inverter bridge an output voltage to a load connected to the output of the inverter bridge, determining a time instant when the DC current of the intermediate circuit is sampled, and preventing the use of the brake chopper at the determined time instant.

Method and arrangement in connection with a brake chopper

A reactor arrangement for alternating electrical current includes different coils () for positive and negative half-cycles of the alternating electrical current. The negative and positive half-cycles of the alternating electrical current are directed to the different coils with the aid of unidirectional electrical components () such as, for example, diodes. The both coils are arranged to magnetize a common magnetic core element () in a same direction. The reactor arrangement further includes at least one permanent magnet () that generates, into the magnetic core element, a biasing magnetic flux component having an opposite direction than that of magnetic flux components generated with the coils. Therefore, the biasing magnetic flux component generated with the permanent magnet relieves magnetic saturation of the magnetic core element. Hence, the size and the weight of the magnetic core element can be reduced.

Reactor arrangement for alternating electrical current

A DC inductor comprising a core structure () comprising one or more magnetic gaps (), a coil () inserted on the core structure (), at least one permanent magnet () positioned in the core structure, the magnetization of the permanent magnet () opposing the magnetization producible by the coil (). The core structure is adapted to form a main flux path and an auxiliary flux path, where the main flux path is adapted to carry the main magnetic flux producible by the coil, wherein the auxiliary flux path comprises a magnetic gap and is adapted to lead magnetic flux past the at least one permanent magnet ().

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