Central Glass Company, Limited

Nissan Motor Company Limited

Takeshi Kondo

Osamu Takahashi

Yoshinori Akamatsu

Toshikazu Kawai

Yasuaki Kai

Shigeo Hamaguchi

Satoko Sugawara

Hideki Oshio

Yoshihiro Nishida

Ichiro Nakamura

Michitaka Otani

Satoshi Yoshikawa

Masamichi Maruta

Junji Negishi

Yoshihiko Goto

Matsue Minezaki

A method for producing a fluorine-containing carboxylic acid ester represented by the general formula RHCFCOORinvolves reacting a fluorine-containing ether represented by the general formula RHCFCFORwith water in the presence of a solid catalyst. The solid catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, sulfated zirconia, an activated carbon on which sulfuric acid is supported, a resin having acid sites, and aluminum phosphate. In the general formulas RHCFCOORand RHCFCFOR, Rrepresents a fluorine atom or a Cperfluoroalkyl group, and Rrepresents a monovalent organic group.

Method for producing fluorine-containing carboxylic acid ester

The invention provides a laminated glass and a method of producing the same. This laminated glass includes first and second transparent glass plates and an interlayer film interposed therebetween. This interlayer film has functional ultra-fine particles which have a particle diameter of up to 0.2 &mgr;m and are dispersed therein. Due to the incorporation of the ultra-fine particles thereinto, the interlayer film is provided with various additional functions such as heat insulation, ultraviolet ray absorption and the maintenance of a sufficient radio transmittance. Therefore, the laminated glass becomes suitable as an architectural or automotive laminated glass.

Laminated glass with functional ultra-fine particles and method of producing same

The invention relates to a multilayered water-repellent film formed on a glass substrate by the sol-gel process. The film has a first metal oxide layer which is formed on the glass substrate by the sol-gel process and a second water-repellent layer formed on the first layer. As a first method for providing the film with superior durability of water repellency, mechanical strength and chemical resistance, the first layer is prepared by using a mixture of three specific sols which are respectively prepared from metal alkoxides or metal acetylacetonates. As a second method for providing the film with the above advantages, the second layer is prepared by using a coating mixture comprising a fluoroalkylsilane, tin oxide particles doped with antimony oxide, a silicon compound, water and an organic solvent. As a third method for providing the film with the above advantages, the second layer is prepared by using another coating mixture comprising a fluoroalkylsilane, tin oxide particles doped with antimony oxide, a silicon compound, water, an organic solvent and an acid.

Multilayered water-repellent film and method of forming same on glass

The invention provides a laminated glass and a method of producing the same. This laminated glass includes first and second transparent glass plates and an interlayer film interposed therebetween. This interlayer film has functional ultra-fine particles which have a particle diameter of up to 0.2 .mu.m and are dispersed therein. Due to the incorporation of the ultra-fine particles thereinto, the interlayer film is provided with various additional functions such as heat insulation, ultraviolet ray absorption and the maintenance of a sufficient radio transmittance. Therefore, the laminated glass becomes suitable as an architectural or automotive laminated glass.

Laminated glass with functional ultra-fine particles and method of

CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 is easily obtained at good yield by reduction of CF.sub.3 CCl.sub.3 in an aqueous solution of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.3 and an acid acceptor such as hydroxide, carbonate or acetate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Usually the reduction reaction is carried out at 60.degree.-150.degree. C. under gauge pressure of 0-10 kg/cm.sup.2. The aimed compound can easily be recovered by separating the reaction liquid into organic and aqueous layers, and the waste aqueous solution contains no compound difficult to dispose of.

Method of preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane from

Dichlorotrifluoromethyltoluenes useful in producing some medicines and agricultural chemicals are formed with good yields by reacting dichlorotrichloromethyltoluenes with hydrogen fluoride usually at 0.degree.-100.degree. C. under pressure of 3-20 kg/cm.sup.2. Besides known 3,4-dichloro-6-trifluoromethyltoluene and 3,4-dichloro-5-trifluoromethyltoluene, novel isomers are also obtained by this method.

Preparation of dichlorotrifluoromethyltoluenes including novel isomers

Trifluoromethyltoluene is obtained from a halomethylbenzotrifluoride, which is a relatively inexpensive material, by hydrogenating the halomethyl group of the starting compound to methyl group with hydrogen gas in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and an acid acceptor. Suitable examples of the halomethyl group to be hydrogenated are --CH.sub.2 Cl, --CH.sub.2 F, --CHClF, --CClF.sub.2 and --CF.sub.3. When the starting compound is bis(trifluromethyl)benzene, addition of either an alcohol or an alkali metal fluoride to the reaction system is effective for suppression of formation of xylene as a by-product, and xylene still contained in the reaction product can completely be removed by treatment with a sulfonating agent such as fuming sulfuric acid.

Preparation of trifluoromethyltoluene from halomethylbenzotrifluoride

Trifluoroacetic acid is easily formed by hydrolysis of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane with water in the presence of a catalyst comprising an inorganic metal compound, preferably a chloride of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn. Preferably the hydrolysis reaction is carried out as a vapor phase contact reaction at 200.degree.-400.degree. C., using 5-15 moles of water per mole of trichlorotrifluoroethane.

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Sayama, Japan

Takeshi Kondo