Hitachi, Ltd.

Nippon Mining Co., Ltd.

Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd.

Takeo Yamagata

Tomohiko Miyamoto

Susumu Yoshioka

Jinichi Tomuro

Seiichi Uchida

Yoshihito Satomi

Norihiro Kiuchi

Tatsuo Horiba

Hidetoshi Honbo

Yasushi Muranaka

Seiji Takeuchi

Saburo Yasukawa

Norihira Uozumi

Yasuyuki Tsutsumi

Seiichiro Ono

A lithium secondary battery suitable for use as a power source for a secondary battery using system such as an electric automobile, motor bicycle or portable equipment includes a negative electrode (17) composed of a carbon material including carbon particles carrying fine particles of a metal which forms an alloy with lithium. The carbon particles have a face-to-face dimension which is 3.354 to 3.369 .ANG. and a crystal grain size in a C-axis direction which is equal to or greater than 300 .ANG.. The metal forming an alloy with lithium has a particle size which is equal to or smaller than 1000 .ANG.. With the use of the charge/discharge capacity of an alloy of the metal and lithium, a value exceeding the theoretical capacity 372 mAh/g of graphite can be obtained. The lithium secondary battery is capable of discharge with an output energy density equal to or higher than 350 W/kg.

Secondary battery using system and material for negative electrode of

A fuel cell comprises unit cells stacked through separators therebetween; each unit cell comprising a fuel electrode plate, an oxidizing agent electrode plate and a matrix between electrode plate and the oxidizing agent plate, U-shaped gas flow passages for the fuel electrode and for the oxidizing agent electrode are provided in a counter-current relation to each other with gas inlets and gas outlets for the fuel electrode and the gas inlets and the gas outlets for the oxidizing agent electrodes being provided at the opposite sides of the fuel cell, respectively, and communicated respectively with manifolds at the same opposite sides of the fuel cell. The fuel cell is simple in structure, highly reliable in fabrication, operation and maintenance, and high in gas utilization efficiency.

Fuel cell

In a reactor for cracking heavy hydrocarbon oil through a fluidized bed of the particles of natural ores, coke-like materials are deposited on a top of the reactor or pipe inside surfaces of a transfer line from the reactor to a scrubber. To effectively scour out the deposited coke-like materials, particles of natural ores having a mean diameter of a few hundred .mu.m is made to be contained in an effluent gas from the top of reactor, passing through the transfer line at a concentration of 1 to 40 g/m.sup.3. The particles of natural ores have a good effect of scouring out the deposited coke-like materials and can keep the transfer line efficiently clean even with a small amount of the particles of natural ores, decreasing a pressure drop in the transfer line.

Apparatus for preventing coking in fluidized bed reactor for cracking

In a reactor for cracking heavy hydrocarbon oil through a fluidized bed of particles of natural ores, coke-like materials are deposited on a top of the reactor or pipe inside surfaces of a transfer line from the reactor to a scrubber. To effectively scour out the deposited coke-like materials, particles of natural ores having a mean diameter of a few hundred .mu.m is made to be contained in an effluent gas from the top of reactor, passing through the transfer line at a concentration of 1 to 40 g/m.sup.3. The particles of natural ores have a good effect of scouring out the deposited coke-like materials and can keep the transfer line efficiently clean even with a small amount of the particles of natural ores, decreasing a pressure drop in the transfer line.

Method for preventing coking in fluidized bed reactor for cracking heavy

Growing community of inventors

Takahagi, Japan

Takeo Yamagata