Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.

Takashi Yano

Hiroyuki Miura

Masahiro Asami

In an exothermic liquid-phase reaction involving a liquid reactant and a gaseous reactant, the gas from the reactor vapor phase is subjected to gas-liquid separation and the non-condensible gas thus separated is recycled to the reactor liquid phase. As the non-condensible gas is recycled to the reactor liquid phase, the liquid components in the liquid phase are vaporized and the resulting latent heat of vaporization removes heat. Therefore, the reaction temperature can be easily controlled by regulating the flow rate of the non-condensible gas so recycled. This method of controlling the reaction temperature can be applied with particular advantage to a commercial process for producing a carbonic ester from an alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen.

Method of controlling reactions

A photosensitive material of the diazonium type which comprises a support, a precoat layer thereon and a photosensitive layer of a diazonium compound is improved by using a graft copolymer on a cellulose derivative as the precoat layer. A hydrophilic epoxy compound may be used in the precoat layer and a coupler and a benzenediazonium hexafluorophosphate derivative may be used in the photosensitive layer.

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Himeji, Japan

Takashi Yano