Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Takanori Suga

Hirofumi Nakamura

Masahiro Iwasaki

Takayuki Yamashita

Minoru Rokutan

Daisuke Haruyama

Hiroyuki Miura

Mitsuhide Nakamura

Keiko Matsuki

Hirokazu Sakashita

Shingo Hirahara

Yukiko Oda

Disclosed is an adhesive for an adhesive layer of a fixing member including a substantially cylindrical substrate, an elastic layer around the substrate, a surface layer covering the elastic layer, and the adhesive layer between the elastic layer and the surface layer. The adhesive contains a dialkylpolyorganosiloxane having crosslinking groups and a dialkylpolyorganosiloxane having vinyl groups. The molar ratio of the crosslinking groups to the vinyl groups in the adhesive is about 1.1 to about 4.

Adhesive for adhesive layer of fixing member, fixing member, fixing device, and image-forming apparatus

There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate; an intermediate layer; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer including two or more charge transporting materials each including a reactive substituent and respectively having mutually different ionization potentials, in an amount of 90% by weight or more relative to the total solid content of the surface layer, and the content ratio X of each of the two or more charge transporting materials satisfying the following Formula (1). X(n) represents a content ratio (weight %) of a charge transporting material that has the nhighest ionization potential among the two or more charge transporting materials; X(n&#x2212;1) represents a content ratio (weight %) of a charge transporting material that has the (n&#x2212;1)highest ionization potential among the two or more charge transporting materials; and n is an integer of two or more and represents a variable equal to or lower than the number of charge transporting materials contained in the surface layer.(&#x2212;1)&#x2267;()&#x2003;&#x2003;Formula (1).

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and process cartridge

The invention provides a charging device including a charging roll and a voltage application unit which is capable of applying to the charging roll a voltage in which an alternating current voltage is superimposed on a direct current voltage, the alternating current (Iac) which flows through the charging roll satisfying the following Equation (1), the charging roll satisfying the following conditions (a) to (c), and the charging roll contacting an image supporter to charge the image supporter:(inflection)&#x2266;1.2&#x2003;&#x2003;Equation (1)

Charging device and image forming apparatus

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Kanagawa, Japan

Takanori Suga