Canon Kabushiki Kaisha

Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha

Taichi Sato

Tomohito Taniguchi

Atsushi Fujii

Takashi Anezaki

Atsushi Uematsu

Takehiko Aoyama

Noboru Miyagawa

Masahiro Watanabe

Kenichi Kaku

Shuhei Tokiwa

Jumpei Kuno

Yasukazu Ikami

Kunihiko Sekido

Nobuo Oshima

Kazunari Hagiwara

Takahiro Kawamoto

Takayuki Kanazawa

Takayoshi Kihara

Masashi Nishi

Takashi Mukai

Yuki Yamamoto

Yoshitaka Suzumura

Jun Hara

Shunsuke Matsushita

Takeshi Murakami

Minoru Nakamura

Kuniaki Tamagaki

Shoko Funaki

Takeshi Yoshidome

Fuka Enokido

Harunobu Ogaki

Hisato Yabuta

Shuntaro Watanabe

Daisuke Miura

Hiroaki Watanabe

Takumi Furukawa

Masaaki Harada

Akihiro Maruyama

Takayuki Namiki

Masahiro Kurachi

Noriaki Kuroda

Kohei Makisumi

Toshiro Suzuki

Noriyuki Doi

Keiji Nose

Masataka Kodama

Hiroki Masu

Noriko Suzumura

Hirofumi Kumoi

Yukinori Nagata

Satoshi Koide

Yuki Yamaguchi

Masashi Matsuo

Daisuke Tanaka

Masatada Hirota

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member about a rotational axis extending in the axial direction, a charging member, an accommodating portion accommodating toner charged to a predetermined polarity; a developing member, a transfer portion, a static eliminating portion, and a collecting member. In the axial direction, when A is a eliminating width with which the eliminating portion discharges the surface of the image bearing member, B is an effective charging width with which the charging member charges the surface, and C is a collection contacting width with which the collecting member contacts the surface, the formula A<B<C is satisfied. In the axial direction, a surface potential of the surface in an area outside the effective charging width, inside the collection contacting width and in contact with the collecting member is a first potential larger than 0V in the same polarity direction as the predetermined polarity.

Image forming apparatus

An image-forming apparatus, wherein, in a non-image-forming operation, a control unit executes the following control processing: i) not discharging electric charge between the charging member and the image bearing member and applying a first voltage having a first polarity with respect to a potential on the image bearing member to the charging member; ii) after performing the processing of i), applying a second voltage having a polarity opposite to the first polarity with respect to the potential; and iii) after performing the processing of ii), controlling a third voltage having a second polarity with respect to the potential to be applied to the charging member and controlling a fourth voltage having a polarity opposite to the second polarity with respect to the potential to be applied to the charging member, and controlling electric charge to be discharged between the charging member and the image bearing member.

Image-forming apparatus having charging potential control during non-image forming operation

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protection layer The protection layer comprises an electroconductive particle with has a surface containing a titanium oxide and a niobium atom. An atomic concentration ratio of the niobium atom to the titanium atom in the titanium oxide is 0.01 to 0.20, and the electroconductive particle is surface-treated with a compound having a silicon atom. A content ratio of the electroconductive particle in the protection layer is 5 vol % or more and less than 40 vol % with respect to a total volume of the protection layer, and relative concentrations of a plurality of atoms at a surface of the protection layer satisfy specific conditions, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a developing member, a transfer member, and a brush contacting a surface of the image bearing member in a contact portion downstream of a transfer portion and upstream of a developing portion with respect to a rotational direction of the image bearing member. The toner which is not transferred onto a toner image receiving member is collected by the developing member. In a charging series, the toner is positioned on the same side as a normal charge polarity of the toner relative to the brush. In the contact portion, a maximum value of a contact pressure of 0.7 gf/mmor more and 3.5 gf/mmor less, a maximum contact area ratio is 18% or more and 74% or less, and a Clark-Evans index of the brush is 1 or more.

Brush having a higher contact pressure with an image bearing member at an upstream end of the brush and image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member, a charging member, a developing member, a transfer member, an exposure unit, and a controller. The controller executes a preparatory operation in which, before an image forming operation, rotation of the image bearing member is started and a charging voltage and a developing voltage are increased stepwisely. In the preparatory operation, the controller carries out control so as to start application of the charging voltage at a voltage value not less than a discharge start voltage of the charging member before a surface region of the image bearing member positioned in a developing portion at a time of a start of the rotation of the image bearing member reaches a charging portion in a state in which a surface of the image bearing member is exposed to light by the exposure unit.

A marine vessel propulsion system includes a propulsive force generator to generate a propulsive force, a drive source to drive the propulsive force generator, and a controller configured or programmed to control the drive source to perform marine vessel maneuvering-related functions including at least one limited function. The controller includes an interface, and is further configured or programmed to include a restriction unit to restrict a control operation for the limited function, and a restriction cancellation unit to cancel the restriction effected by the restriction unit to permit the control operation for the limited function if a predetermined keycode is inputted from the interface or is registered in the controller.

Marine vessel propulsion system, communication terminal, and keycode server

An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer in this order, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a tungsten oxide particle, and the tungsten oxide particle contains a tungsten atom, an oxygen atom, and a cesium atom.

A developer used in a developing apparatus equipped with a metal blade includes a toner base particle and external additives, the external additives including a silica particle with a particle diameter of 5 nm or more and 25 nm or less and an inorganic spacer particle with a particle diameter of 50 nm or more and 150 nm or less, and an area occupancy of the silica particle on a surface of the toner base particle is 40% or more.

Developing apparatus, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing member that supplies a developer of a regular polarity, a developer supply member that supplies developer to the developing member, and a control unit that applies a first voltage to the developing member and a second voltage to the developer supply member. The control unit executes an image forming operation, and a rotational operation in which the developer supply member rotates in a state in which the first voltage of a regular polarity is applied thereto. The rotational operation includes a first rotational operation in which a potential difference is a first potential difference and a second rotational operation in which the developing member and the developer supply member rotate in a state in which the second voltage having the same polarity as the regular polarity and having a greater absolute value is applied.

Provided is an image forming apparatus, including: an image bearing member; an exposure unit; a developing member which is rotatable at a rotation speed different from the image bearing member; a developer supply member; a developing voltage-applying unit; a supply voltage-applying unit; and a control unit. The control unit controls execution of: an image forming operation in which a developer image is formed by supplying developer on the image bearing member; and a cleaning operation which removes a substance adhered to the image bearing member using the developing member. In the cleaning operation, the control unit controls the developing voltage-applying unit or the supply voltage-applying unit so that the cleaning force using the developing member becomes stronger than that in the image forming operation.

A marine vessel electric propulsion system includes an electric motor, a propulsive force generator to be driven by the electric motor to generate a propulsive force, an operator to be operated by a user to adjust the power output of the electric motor, and a controller. The controller is configured or programmed to control the power output of the electric motor based on an operation of the operator, and to change a power output gain characteristic of the electric motor with respect to an operation amount of the operator in response to a gain change command.

Marine vessel electric propulsion system, and marine vessel including the same

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Numazu, Japan

Taichi Sato