Hitachi, Ltd.

Agency of Industrial Science and Technology

Tadashi Ishibashi

Kiyoshige Kinugawa

Hironari Tanaka

Satoru Ogihara

Norio Shimizu

Yoji Odawara

Masaharu Koyama

Yoshimichi Shibuya

Masahiko Ishida

Hideo Kawaguchi

Masami Takahashi

Shizuo Ishitani

Yosio Hanada

Masaharu Kohyama

Kouji Takeuchi

Shigeru Matsuyama

Shuji Imazeki

Yasuhiko Kando

Ryoichi Haga

Masatoshi Ito

Mikio Kanazaki

Yukihiro Sato

Ren Ito

Sigeru Matsuyama

Rokuro Watanabe

Motoyuki Tsuda

Saeko Yoshino

Hiroaki Kezuka

The invention relates to a monoclonal antibody which binds to octopus rhodopsin and octopus metarhodopsin wherein said monoclonal antibody binds with higher affinity to metarhodopsin than to rhodopsin and does not inhibit rhodopsin-metarhodopsin interconversion upon exposure to blue or red light. The monoclonal antibody binds to a peptide having the sequence Val-Ile-Gly-Arg-Pro-Met-Ala-Ala-Ser-Lys-Lys-Met-Ser. The photochemical reaction of rhodopsin thin layers may be detected using the anti-rhodopsin monoclonal antibodies of the invention.

Anti-octopus rhodopsin monoclonal antibody

Stable, long-term cultures of animal cells are accomplished by calculating the ratio of lactic acid formed by the cells to the glucose consumed by the cells (the L/G ratio) and controlling the cultivation conditions to maintain the L/G ratio between the limits of from greater than 0 to 0.6. When the ratio is outside the desired range, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the medium is increased and/or the glucose concentration in the medium is decreased.

Controlling cultivation conditions for animal cells

By culturing cells in an apparatus containing a first zone in which a cell suspended medium is present and a second zone in which liquid containing a physiological saline solution and/or nutrient sources is present, the first zone being separated from the second zone by a septum with characteristics, such as pores size or electrostatic charges, which impedes the cells from freely permeating through, while allowing at least one of nutrient sources, cell wastes or the product to move between the first zone and the second zone via the septum to proliferate cells in the first zone, wherein a flow rate via the septum is controlled in such a manner that the cell count moved from the first zone into the second zone via the septum does not exceed the cell count increased by cell growth in the first zone. Thus, cell culture at a high cell density can be achieved in a large scale.

Apparatus containing a septum which impedes cell permeation for cell

A liquid crystal display element is provided which can clearly and simultaneously produce analog and digital displays. The analog display is produced by a first liquid crystal layer provided near a reflecting plate while the digital is made by a second liquid crystal layer disposed adjacent to the first liquid crystal layer.

Liquid crystal display element

The present invention relates to an anaerobic digestion process for organic wastes with a high efficiency and an improved recovery rate of methane. This process comprises the following steps: (1) anaerobically digesting organic wastes under simultaneous presence of facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligatory anaerobic bacteria, (2) separating the anaerobically digested slurry obtained from the step (1) into a liquor fraction containing the two groups of bacteria and an undecomposed solid fraction, (3) mixing the liquor fraction obtained from the step (2) with the surplus activated sludge slurry produced by anaerobically treating organic waste water, under anaerobic condition, (4) separating the mixed slurry obtained from the step (3) into a solid fraction containing the surplus activated sludge which has absorbed the two groups of bacteria and a liquor fraction, and recycling back the solid fraction obtained from the step (4) as the sources of the two groups of bacteria and nitrogen to the step (1).

Anaerobic digestion process for organic wastes

The disclosure is concerned with a pretreatment process for removing lignin from lignocellulosic material so as to enhance enzymatic or microbial decomposability of cellulose. The pretreatment process comprises wetting lignocellulosic material with an alkaline aqueous solution in a manner that interstices between the cellulosic material remain, and exposing the wetted cellulosic material to an ozone-containing gas so as to decompose lignin in the lignocellulosic material with a very small energy consumption.

Method for pretreatment of cellulosic materials

A liquid crystal display element includes a pattern display section defined by the superposing portions of upper and lower display electrodes. In a non-display area around the display section, upper and lower non-display electrodes are arranged so that the superposing portion thereof partially or entirely covers the non-display area. In operation, a non-selective voltage is always applied across a liquid crystal at the superposing portion of the upper and lower non-display electrodes.

Liquid crystal display element having non-display electrode arrangement

A method for driving a liquid crystal display element so as to give a simultaneous analogue display of 3 kinds of information. The liquid crystal display element is driven over 1/3-duty periods by applying 4 kinds of voltage waveforms to one electrode formed on one of paired substrates, and at least 5 kinds of voltage waveforms to the other electrode on the other substrate, said electrodes being divided into a multiplicity of electrode patterns. In particular, one of the 4 kinds of voltage waveforms applied to the electrodes of one of said substrates is set to provide an OFF condition for the display regardless of which of the at least 5 voltage waveforms is applied to the electrodes of said other substrate. In this driving method only one chip of the element driving LSI is sufficient for a simultaneous analogue display of 3 kinds of information e.g. hour, minute, and second.

Method for driving liquid crystal display elements

In order to provide a good connection to external circuitry for a liquid crystal display device, electrode terminals provided on a substrate of the device are connected to lead terminals formed on a flexible sheet in alignment with the arrangement of the electode terminals through an elongated planar hot-melt binder layer. Electrically conductive islands penetrating through the thickness of the binder layer are formed to be in alignment with the electrode terminals. Thus, in such a structure, good connection is attained between the display device and an external circuit through the lead terminals.

Liquid crystal display device

A method for manufacturing liquid crystal cells is disclosed, in which a pair of large-area glass substrates are put together, opposite to each other and spaced a small distance apart from each other, so that a plurality of liquid crystal cells are integrally formed between the glass substrates, and by splitting the glass substrate assembly, the individual cells are separated from one another. Each of the glass substrates has a plurality of regions defined on the surface thereof to serve as substrate sections for liquid crystal cell units and desired electrodes are formed on the regions. Grooves having a substantially U-shaped cross section are cut along the boundary lines bordering the respective regions on that surface of each substrate on which the desired electrodes are formed, while linear scratches are formed in the surface of the substrate opposite to the electrode-carrying surface, corresponding in position to the U-shaped grooves. The splitting operation is performed by placing the glass substrate assembly on two parallel supports and by subjecting the assembly to bending distortion with application of a pressing force. The configuration of the U-shape of the groove and the position at which the pressing force is applied is determined depending on the thickness of the glass substrate.

Method for manufacturing liquid crystal display elements

In a liquid crystal display element having a twisted structure wherein the periphery of two transparent glass substrates having electrodes according to desired display patterns is sealed with a sealing medium and a liquid crystal is enclosed in the space thus produced, the one characterized by having an undercoating film of metal oxide on the inner surface of each glass substrate, having a transparent electrode on each undercoating film of metal oxide and having an orientation controlling film made from an organic polymer and having abrasion grooves along a certain direction on each electrode can give a liquid crystal display element excellent in heat resistance of the orientation controlling film, excellent in adhesion to the glass substrates, and the like without causing a voltage drop, or without damaging rising of voltage-brightness property and response property.

Transparent conductive films produced by a series of steps comprising a coating step in which a solution obtained by dissolving an indium compound and a tin compound in an organic solvent is coated on a substrate; a preliminary drying step in which the coated substrate is dried at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C.; a temperature rise step in which the coated substrate is heated at a temperature rise rate of 20.degree. C./min or more up to 400.degree. C. or higher; and a calcination step in which the coated substrate is calcined at a temperature of 400.degree. C. or higher, or by repeating said series of steps two or more times, have excellent properties such as strong adhesive strength to a substrate, excellent transmittance and remarkably low sheet resistance.

Process for producing transparent conductive film

A liquid crystal display element is produced by forming an electrical insulating metal oxide film on a transparent glass substrate, forming a transparent conductive film thereon by coating a coating solution prepared by diluting a solute comprising indium, tin, a .beta.-diketone and nitric acid with an organic solvent, followed by calcination, etching the transparent conductive film to give electrodes having desired patterns, placing the two resulting glass substrates in parallel so that individual electrodes at the inner side stand opposite to each other, and enclosing a liquid crystal material in the space formed between the two glass substrates. The liquid crystal display element thus produced has transparent electrodes which have low sheet resistance, enhanced mechanical strength and strong adhesive strength to the glass substrate.

Process for producing liquid crystal display element

A method for producing liquid crystal cells is disclosed, in which a pair of large-area glass substrates are put together, opposite to each other and spaced a small distance apart from each other to form integrally a plurality of liquid crystal cells between the substrates, and by splitting the glass substrate assembly, the individual cells are separated from one another. Each of the glass substrates, which have the same structure, has first regions to serve as upper substrate sections and second regions to serve as lower substrate sections disposed alternately thereon and predetermined electrodes are formed on the first and the second regions. The two glass substrates are disposed face to face with each other in such a manner that the first and the second regions of one substrate are opposite to the second and the first regions of the other substrate. The splitting operation is performed by placing the glass substrate assembly on two parallel supports and by subjecting the assembly to bending distortion by applying a pressing force. The pressing force is determined depending on the relationship between the distance between the supports and the degree of the bending distortion.

Method for producing liquid crystal display elements

In a liquid crystal display device of the twisted nematic type comprising upper and lower substrates, upper and lower transparent electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of respective substrates, a liquid crystal interposed between the upper and lower electrodes with its molecules oriented in a twisted arrangement, each of the upper and lower electrodes is constituted by a plurality of electrode segments, and the upper electrode segments are displaced toward lower edge of the display with respect to the corresponding lower electrode segments.

Growing community of inventors

Mobara, Japan

Tadashi Ishibashi