Xerox Corporation

T Hwee Ng

Raj D Patel

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

Edward Graham Zwartz

Guerino G Sacripante

Hadi K Mahabadi

Kimberly D Nosella

Beng S Ong

Stephan V Drappel

Sandra J Gardner

Allan K Chen

Valerie M Farrugia

Walter Mychajlowskij

Karen Ann Moffat

Chieh-Min Cheng

David J Sanders

Timothy L Lincoln

Sonja Hadzidedic

Louis V Isganitis

Kevin F Marcell

Arthur Helbrecht

Enno Eric Agur

Richard P Veregin

Fatima M Mayer

Milan Maric

Francisco E Torres

Cuong Vong

Michael A Hopper

John A Creatura

Anthony J Paine

Patricia Ann Burns

Angelo J Barbetta

Maria N McDougall

Denise Y Wright

Allen K Chen

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Ke Zhou

Paul Farrell Smith

T Brian McAneney

Yulin Wang

Gregory J Kovacs

Melvin D Croucher

Rafik O Loutfy

Man C Tam

David R Kurceba

William J Dale

Eric M Peters

Grazyna E Kmieckik-Lawrynowicz

A chemical toner composition that includes at least one curable amorphous resin and at least one sublimation colorant.

Preparation of sublimation colorant dispersion

A process for preparing toner particles and compositions adapted for use in preparing toners that comprise a blend of a first polyester resin with a second sharp melting polyester resin. The process includes forming an emulsion resin comprising a branched polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, a colorant, and optionally a wax. The resin mixture is aggregated using an aggregating agent, such as a zinc acetate solution, to form an aggregate mixture. The aggregate mixture is then coalesced at a temperature of from about 5 to about 20&#xb0; C. above the Tof the emulsion resin to produce the resultant toner particles.

Low melt toners and processes thereof

Embodiments include a toner with a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Toner having crystalline wax

Embodiments include a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Crystalline wax

Embodiments include a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Embodiments include a toner with a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Toner compositions provide a resin substantially free of cross linking; a cross linked resin; a wax; a coagulant; and a colorant; wherein the toner composition provides a fused image gloss of about 1 to about 20 gloss units.

Toner compositions

A toner process that includes a first heating of a colorant dispersion, a first polyester resin free latex emulsion, a second polyester latex emulsion, and a wax dispersion in the presence of a coagulant containing a metal ion; adding a third polyester free latex; adding an organic sequestering compound or a silicate salt sequestering compound, followed by a second heating.

Hybrid toner processes

Disclosed is a process for preparing copolymers which comprises, in the order stated: (1) adding monomers containing unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, a first polymerization initiator, a second polymerization initiator, and a solvent to a reaction vessel; (2) purging the resulting solution with an inert gas; (3) sealing the reaction vessel and pressurizing it by addition of an inert gas to a pressure of from about 20 to about 600 kilopascals over ambient atmospheric pressure; (4) maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 50 to about 100.degree. C. for a period of from about 60 to about 300 minutes; (5) thereafter maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 80 to about 115.degree. C. for a period of from about 30 to about 300 minutes, wherein the temperature in step (5) is higher than the temperature in step (4); and (6) subsequently maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 115 to about 160.degree. C. for a period of from about 30 to about 180 minutes, wherein the temperature in step (6) is higher than the temperature in step (5). Polymers prepared according to the process of the present invention can be particularly useful in migration imaging members.

Processes for preparing copolymers

A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a colorant and an ionic surfactant with a resin latex; heating the resulting flocculent mixture with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 1.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to effect formation of toner sized aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension in the presence of additional anionic surfactant, and which heating is at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin; cooling; adding a base component to the resulting slurry; filtering; and thereafter drying said toner.

Toner processes

A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion and a latex emulsion, and wherein there is accomplished a heating below about or equal to about the resin latex glass transition temperature to form aggregates followed by heating above about or equal to about the resin glass transition temperature to coalesce the aggregates; separating the toner formed, and subsequently adding to the toner in the form of a slurry a mixture of monomer and cleavable surfactant, cleaving the surfactant under basic conditions, and allowing the monomer to adsorb on the toner, then polymerizing and cooling, and wherein the cleavable surfactant is of the Formulas (I) or (II), or optionally mixtures thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic aliphatic, or hydrophobic aromatic group; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and alkylarylalkyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl; A is a hydrophilic polymer chain, and m represents the number of A segments

Toner adsorption processes

A process for the preparation of toner which comprises

Toner processes using in-situ tricalcium phospate

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Mississauga, Canada

T Hwee Ng