Nissan Chemical Industries Limited

Syuji Tsuchiya

Atsuo Murata

Hideo Suzuki

Hisao Ikeda

Akihiro Konno

Fumiyoshi Arima

A cis-trans isomerization of a cis-.beta.-.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol or its ester having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; X represents hydrogen atom or ##STR2## and R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon moiety or a hydroxyhydrocarbon moiety; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon moiety into a transform, in the presence of a mercaptan as a catalyst, is provided. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan and/or a disulfide as a catalyst in an inert gas environment with an initiator. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan under an irradiation, if desired with a small amount of an initiator.

Isomerization of .beta.-.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol or its ester

An amine oxide is produced by oxidizing a tertiary amine having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively represent methyl or ethyl group; and R.sub.3 represent a C.sub.8 -C.sub.14 alkyl or alkenyl group in the presence of carbon dioxide and in the presence or absence of an improver selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, its salts, stanates, polyphosphates, salts of hydroxycaboxylic acid and salts of polycarboxylic acid.

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Funabashi, Japan

Syuji Tsuchiya