Rhone-Poulenc Chimie

Sylvain Mutez

Robert M Perron

Marc Huser

Jean Jenck

Philippe Kalck

Helene Deweerdt

Difunctional butenes are linearly dicarbonylated into 3-hexene-1,6-dioic acid or alkyl diesters thereof, well suited for the ultimate production of, e.g., adipic acid, by reacting such difunctional butene with carbon monoxide and, if appropriate, an alcohol, at an elevated temperature under superatmospheric pressure, in the presence of at least one source of hydrogen chloride and a catalytically effective amount of palladium, at least a portion of which palladium being in the zero oxidation state, as well as a quaternary onium chloride of nitrogen or phosphorus, the nitrogen or phosphorus atom being tetracoordinated to carbon atoms, with the proviso that the nitrogen atom may be coordinated to two pentavalent phosphorus atoms.

Linear dicarbonylation of difunctionalized butenes

Diesters of hexene-1,6-dioic acids are prepared by reacting at least one 1,2-dialkoxy-3-butene with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a palladium-based catalyst and a halogen compound, in liquid phase, at elevated temperature and at superatmospheric pressure.

Diesters of hexene-1,6-dioic acids produced from

Alkyl acrylates are catalytically dimerized, e.g., to produce alkyl diesters of dihydromuconic acid, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of palladium, tetrafluoroboric acid and a hydrogenophosphonium tetrafluoroborate, and wherein the palladium concentration ranges from 0.1 to 3 mmol per mole of said at least one alkyl acrylate, the reaction temperature ranges from 70.degree. to 150.degree. C. and the hydrogenophosphonium tetrafluoroborate concentration is at least 6 mmol per mole of said at least one alkyl acrylate.

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Irigny, France

Sylvain Mutez