Amazon Technologies, Inc.

Sujan Biswas

Leonid Baryudin

Phillip Peterson

Daniel Sladic

Tyler Huston Doornenbal

Truong Nguyen

Wenzhou Chen

Christopher J Douglass

Jingyu Kang

Kevin Kim

An indirection mapping data structure can maintain a mapping between logical block addresses used by a host computer and physical data storage locations on a solid state drive. Changes to the indirection mapping data structure can be stored in journals. When a journal is full, the journal can be stored to a predetermined location on the cluster block determined based on the number of entries stored by the journal, leading to a number of journals scattered throughout the cluster block at predetermined locations. Each physical chunk of media, whether written with data or marked as defective is journaled. Such a journaling scheme, where the journal locations are predetermined and each physical chunk of media is journaled is referred to as physical media-aware spatially coupled journaling. During replay the spatially coupled journals can be retrieved from the predefined locations within cluster blocks and used to rebuild the indirection mapping data structure.

Physical media aware spacially coupled journaling and replay

A solid state storage card includes flash storage devices for storing user data and a serial peripheral interface (SPI) flash storage storing a first set of machine instructions. The solid state card also includes a plurality of processor cores coupled to the flash storage devices and SPI flash storage device. Each processor includes storage for storage of a second set of machine instructions configured to cause one of the processor cores to respond to access requests for the flash storage devices. Upon power-up, no storage in the solid state card contains any of the second set of machine instructions. When executed by one of the processor cores, the first set of machine instructions causes the processor core to initiate a download of the second set of instructions from a device external to the solid state card.

Firmware download for a solid state storage card

An adaptive read algorithm for accessing information stored on a nonvolatile medium. The nonvolatile medium can be organized as a plurality of storage units. A method of servicing a read request to the nonvolatile medium can include recording a history of read-retries for read requests to individual storage units of the nonvolatile medium. The method can include adapting a read algorithm for a read request to a particular storage unit based on the history of the read-retries for the read requests to the individual storage units of the nonvolatile medium.

Adaptive read algorithm for a nonvolatile medium

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Bellevue, WA, United States of America

Sujan Biswas