Intel Corporation

Suhwan Kim

Vaibhav Vaidya

Christopher Schaef

Harish Krishnamurthy

Nachiket Venkappayya Desai

Vivek K De

Sriram R Vangal

Krishnan Ravichandran

Turbo Majumder

Xiaosen Liu

Khondker Z Ahmed

Tanay Karnik

Fabrice Paillet

Lilly Huang

David Arditti Ilitzky

Ankit Prakash Gupta

Dileep J Kurian

Sriram Kabisthalam Muthukumar

Sheldon Weng

Akhila M

Ilya Klochkov

A current sensing topology uses an amplifier with capacitively coupled inputs in feedback to sense the input offset of the amplifier, which can be compensated for during measurement. The amplifier with capacitively coupled inputs in feedback is used to: operate the amplifier in a region where the input common-mode specifications are relaxed, so that the feedback loop gain and/or bandwidth is higher; operate the sensor from the converter input voltage by employing high-PSRR (power supply rejection ratio) regulators to create a local, clean supply voltage, causing less disruption to the power grid in the switch area; sample the difference between the input voltage and the controller supply, and recreate that between the drain voltages of the power and replica switches; and compensate for power delivery network related (PDN-related) changes in the input voltage during current sensing.

Self-calibrated input voltage-agnostic replica-biased current sensing apparatus

A digital control scheme controls an integrator of a PID filter to implement non-linear control of saturating the duty cycle during which the proportional and derivative terms of the PID filter are set to 0 while the integrator and its internal states (previous values or memory) is set to a duty cycle that is the sum of the current nominal duty cycle plus a deltaD. The deltaD is the maximum duty cycle increment that is used to regulate a voltage regulator from ICCmin to ICCmax and is a configuration register that can be set post silicon. An FSM moves from a non-linear all ON state to an open loop duty cycle which maintains the output voltage slightly higher than the required Vref. After a certain period in this open loop, the FSM then ramps down the open loop duty cycle value until the output voltage is close to the Vref.

Seamless non-linear voltage regulation control to linear control apparatus and method

Voltage dividing circuitry is provided for use in a voltage converter for converting at least one input Direct Current, DC voltage to a plurality of output DC voltages. The voltage dividing circuitry including a voltage input port to receive an input DC voltage and an inductor having an input-side switch node and an output-side switch node. The output side switch node is connectable to one of a plurality of voltage output ports to supply a converted value of the input DC voltage as an output DC voltage. The flying capacitor interface has a plurality of switching elements and at least one flying capacitor, the flying capacitor interface to divide the input DC voltage to provide a predetermined fixed ratio of the input DC voltage at the input-side switch node of the inductor. A voltage converter and a power management integrated circuit having the voltage dividing circuitry are also provided.

Multiple output voltage conversion

A digital self-start controller, which is functional without fuse and/or trim information. The self-start controller protects a DC-DC converter against large inrush currents and voltage overshoots, while being capable of following a variable VID (voltage identification) reference ramp imposed by the system. The self-start controller uses a relaxation oscillator to set the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter. The oscillator can be initialized using either a clock or current reference to be close to a desired operating frequency. The output of the DC-DC converter is coupled weakly to the oscillator to set the duty cycle for closed loop operation. The controller is naturally biased such that the output supply voltage is always slightly higher than a set point, eliminating the need for any process, voltage, and/or temperature (PVT) imposed trims.

Fuse-less self-start controller

An apparatus is described which includes a delay-line with reasonably matched delay cells and some logic to ascertain both a correct number of DC-DC converters and interleaving angles or phase offsets. The apparatus measures an operating frequency in real-time in multiples of the individual delay cells of the delay-line. The smaller the period, the higher the load coupled to the DC-DC converters and, therefore the greater the number of DC-DC converters are needed to service the load. The period determines the load and can be used to determine the number of DC-DC converters needed and thereby accomplishing autonomous phase enabling/shedding.

Real-time switching period estimation apparatus and method

Apparatuses, methods and storage medium associated with deriving power output from an energy harvester are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an apparatus may include one or more processors, devices, and/or circuitry to identify a plurality of times at which an intermediate voltage of a two stage power conversion circuit corresponds to a voltage reference, and ascertain an amount of time between one of the identified times and another one of the identified times. The one or more processors, devices, and/or circuitry may derive a power or current value associated with the second power supply using the amount of time.

Deriving power output from an energy harvester

In one embodiment, an energy harvesting system includes multiple-input-multiple-output switched-capacitor (MIMOSC) circuitry comprising a plurality of switched-capacitor circuit units to receive a plurality of direct current (DC) input voltages at respective input terminals of the switched-capacitor circuit unit, combine the received DC input voltages, and provide the combined DC input voltages at an output terminal of the switched-capacitor circuit unit. The energy harvesting system also includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuitry coupled to switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units of the MIMOSC circuitry. The MPPT circuitry is to provide a plurality of switching signals to the switches of the switched-capacitor circuit units. The MIMOSC circuitry is to provide a plurality of DC output voltages to respective loads based on the switching signals from the MPPT circuitry.

Energy harvester with multiple-input multiple-output switched-capacitor (MIMOSC) circuitry

Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for early pre-charge with respect to peak power events. Application performance may improve by pre-charging a supercap just prior to initiating a system wake up from a qualified system wake-source trigger. Additionally, the pre-charging of the supercap may be controlled by a time defined pre-charge period and may also be controlled by a predetermined threshold voltage.

Early pre-charge enablement for peak power application in net zero energy devices

An embodiment of a harvester apparatus comprising two or more charge pump stages may include at least a first charge pump stage to receive an alternating current source, and a second charge pump stage coupled to the first charge pump stage.

Self-starting AC harvester

Spin Hall Effect (SHE) magneto junction memory cells (e.g., magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) or spin valve based memory cells) are used to implement high entropy physically unclonable function (PUF) arrays utilizing stochastics interactions of both parameter variations of the SHE-MTJ structures as well as random thermal noises. An apparatus is provided which comprises: an array of PUF devices, wherein an individual device of the array comprises a magnetic junction and an interconnect, wherein the interconnect comprises a spin orbit coupling material; a circuitry to sense values stored in the array, and to provide an output; and a comparator to compare the output with a code.

Physically unclonable function implemented with spin orbit coupling based magnetic memory

In some examples, an apparatus for reference voltage generation includes a plurality of reference voltage rails each with a corresponding reference voltage, a first controller, and a second controller. The first controller is to cycle through the plurality of reference voltage rails and maintain the reference voltages in a synchronous mode. The second controller is to detect an event and provide an indication to the first controller to update in an asynchronous mode one of the plurality of reference voltages in response to the event. The first controller is to update in an asynchronous mode the one of the plurality of reference voltages in response to the event.

Reference voltage generation

Embodiments described herein concern operating a peak-delivered-power (PDP) controller. Operating a PDP includes calculating the new power output value from the output voltage value and the output current value, determining whether the new power output value is greater than the previous power output value to determine whether the voltage regulator is outputting a maximum power output, based on a determination that the new power output value is greater than the previous power output value, providing an instruction to a duty generator to increase a duty cycle of the voltage regulator, based on a determination that the new power output value is not greater than the previous power output value, providing an instruction to the duty generator to decrease the duty cycle of the voltage regulator, and replacing the previous power output value with the new power output value.

Peak-delivered-power circuit for a voltage regulator

The present disclosure provides for the management of power of a NZE IoT device. Managing power can include receiving the one or more asynchronous events from the asynchronous event system, determining if any of the one or more asynchronous events meet a respective charge qualification, generating the power-on command for the power-managed compute system if any of the one or more asynchronous events meet the respective charge qualification, and waiting for a power source to reach a threshold associated with the respective charge qualification if any of the one or more asynchronous events do not meet the respective charge qualification.

Power management of an NZE IoT device

Embodiments described herein describe operating a master-slave controller. Operating the master-slave controller comprises, based on a determination that the first output voltage value is greater than the second output voltage value, calculating a first duty cycle value and an input voltage value and the second voltage regulator, calculating a second duty cycle value based on the first duty cycle value, and based on a determination that the second output voltage value is greater than or equal to the first output voltage value, calculating the second duty cycle value based on the second output voltage value and the input voltage value and calculating the first duty cycle value based on the second duty cycle value and configuring the first voltage regulator with the first duty cycle value and the second voltage regulator with the second duty cycle value.

Growing community of inventors

Hillsboro, OR, United States of America

Suhwan Kim