E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Subramaniam Sabesan

Christina Jacy Spado

Mark B Shiflett

Steven Raymond Lustig

Pratibha Laxman Gai

Mark Andrew Harmer

Prabhakar Kondaji Jadhav

John D Bolt

George L Trainor

Rahul B Kasat

Melissa Joerger

Robert Newton

Timo J Linna

Christopher Burket

Ronald F Koniz

John Pennias

Mary E Neville

John Davis Bolt

Processes for the synthesis of lipochitooligosaccharides were developed. A fully acylated oligoglucosamine precursor is prepared and reacted with a glucosamine monomer that has an amine protecting phthaloyl group. With removal of the phthaloyl group, a fatty acid may be added on the terminal glucosamine unit, forming a lipochitooligosaccharide. The processes can be adapted for use on a commercial scale.

Processes for chemical synthesis of lipochitooligosaccharides

Furfural is obtained selectively and in good purity from non-fermentable branched sugars found in soluble waste streams of lignocellulosic biomass. In a monophasic method, stillage or syrup is contacted with water and an acid catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to convert the branched non-fermentable branched sugars to furfural. Additionally, the stillage or syrup can be treated with a water-immiscible organic solvent to form a biphasic mixture comprising an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The furfural that is produced preferentially partitions into the organic phase, from which it may be recovered.

Methods for furfural production from branched non-fermentable sugars in stillage or syrup

A method for the production of a saccharification product is provided, the method comprising:

Delignification of biomass with sequential base treatment

Furfural is produced from a lignocellulosic feedstock comprising glucan and xylan. The feedstock is contacted with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. The resulting mixture is contacted with at least one water-immiscible organic solvent to form a mixture comprising an aqueous phase and an organic phase. Under suitable reaction conditions, furfural is produced and preferentially partitions into the organic phase, from which it may be recovered.

Process for furfural production from biomass

Methods for obtaining concentrated sugar solution from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting the solid fraction with saccharification enzyme consortium to produce a saccharification product comprising at least about 7 percent by weight sugars in 24 hours. The methods include optionally adding at least one additive selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid ethoxylates, nonionic surfactants derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and a fatty acid, sodium lauriminodipropionate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium tridecyl ether sulfate and a combination of these, such that enzyme loading of the saccharification enzyme consortium can be reduced.

Process for producing a concentrated sugar solution by enzymatic saccharification of polysaccharide enriched biomass

Processes for producing furfural from biomass are provided. The processes use a metal halide in aqueous solutions of water-miscible and can provide a furfural yield of greater than 70%.

Production of furfural from biomass

This invention relates to adsorbents useful for storing hydrogen and other small molecules, and to methods for preparing such adsorbents. The adsorbents are produced by heating carbonaceous materials to a temperature of at least 900&#xb0; C. in an atmosphere of hydrogen.

Storage materials for hydrogen and other small molecules

Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Process for producing a sugar solution by combined chemical and enzymatic saccharification of polysaccharide enriched biomass

Sugar solutions are obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. The solid fraction is separated from the lignin-containing liquid fraction and contacted with an acid solution, the acid solution comprising about 70 weight percent to about 100 weight percent sulfuric acid or an acid mixture comprising phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, at a temperature and for a reaction time sufficient to produce a decrystallized biomass mixture. Water is added and the diluted biomass mixture is then hydrolyzed to produce a saccharification product comprising sugars.

Sugar production by decrystallization and hydrolysis of polysaccharide enriched biomass

Provided are articles containing a solid surface material with an antimicrobial agent in a thermoset and/or thermoplastic resin matrix, wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises a chitosan-metal complex.

Antimicrobial solid surface materials containing chitosan-metal complexes

Polymer articles are rendered antimicrobial by a process that includes contacting a chitosan solution with a polymer surface that inherently contains amino-reactive functional groups as polymerized. The process requires no pretreatment with agents such as oxidizing agents or plasma to generate the necessary functional groups at the polymer surface.

Process for making antimicrobial articles by reacting chitosan with amino-reactive polymer surfaces

The invention relates to antimicrobial polyester-containing articles utilizing chitosan and chitosan-metal complexes, whose wash durability is improved by covalently bonding the chitosan species to the polyester. The invention also relates to the methods of preparing said articles.

Method for making antimicrobial polyester-containing articles with improved wash durability and articles made thereby

Processes for altering surface properties of pigment particles are provided. The processes include coating the particles with ionic natural polysaccharides or ionic derivatives of natural polysaccharides, providing enhanced properties.

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Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Subramaniam Sabesan