Sri International

Fuji Photo Film Company, Limited

The Whitaker Corporation

New York University

General Petrochemical Industries, Limited

Amp LLC

Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.

Osaka Gas Company Limited

Polyfuel, Inc.

Subhash C Narang

Susanna C Ventura

Asutosh Nigam

Sivapackia Ganapathiappan

Sunity Kumar Sharma

Philip Cox

Tilak R Bhardwaj

Sei-ichi Yokoi

Jitender Mohan Khurana

Gary A Koolpe

Luying Sun

Georgina P Hum

Prema Ranganathan

Peikang Liu

Kuldip Bhasin

Digby D MacDonald

Kuldip Kumar Bhasin

Samson Hettiarachchi

Marc J Madou

David Olmeijer

Takaaki Otagawa

Yoshihiro Arita

John Stephens Stotts

Arnost Reiser

Dean B Parkinson, Deceased

Richard Vicari

Brian J Dougherty

Durga Annavajjula

Mark A McHenry

Kenneth J Harker

Robert C Schmitt

Shabbir Attarwala

Juesheng Gu

Rong-Chang Liang

Suniti K Sharma

Sharon Wing

Apparao Satyam

Madan Lal Sharma

Stuart Smedley

Ming Zhao

Digby D Macdonald

David L Olmeijer

Susanne C Ventura

The invention includes compositions comprising at least first and second polymers and optionally a third polymer wherein acid subunits, basic subunits and elastomeric subunits are contained in the polymers. In one aspect, the composition comprises a ternary polymer blend comprising an acidic polymer comprising acidic subunits, a basic polymer comprising basic subunits and an elastomeric polymer comprising elastomeric subunits. In an alternate aspect, the composition comprises a binary polymer blend which comprises acidic or basic subunits in one polymer and a copolymer comprising the other of the acidic or basic subunit and an elastomeric subunit. Such polymer compositions may be formed into a membrane having electrochemical properties which permit the use of such a membrane in an electrochemical device.

Polymer electrolyte having acidic, basic and elastomeric subunits

A battery includes an anode comprising a metal, a cathode comprising an active oxygen species, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein oxidation of the metal and reduction of the active oxygen species provides the current of the battery.

Metal/active oxygen batteries

Methods are disclosed for printing () multilayer electronic components, and circuits on a surface (), where at least one of the layers is formed by a redox reaction () occurring in a deposited solution (). Electronic components may comprise semiconductors such as in transistors or diode, or metal oxide or electrolyte such as in batteries or fuel cells, or are capacitors, inductors, and resistors. Preferably, the oxidizer of the redox reaction is a strong oxidizer, and the reducer is a strong reducer (). Reactions are preferably sufficiently exothermic that they can be initiated (), rather than driven to completion, by microwave or other suitable energy sources, and may yield substantially pure metal or metal oxide layers. The solution being deposited () may have either high concentrations of particulates, such as 60-80 wt. % of dry weight, or low concentrations of particulates, such as &#x2266;5 wt. % or &#x2266;2 wt. %. Low particulate content provides printing of structures having lateral resolution of &#x2266;10 &#x3bc;m, &#x2266;5 &#x3bc;m, or &#x2266;1 &#x3bc;m.

Printing of electronic circuits and components

Electrodes for secondary (rechargeable) batteries are fabricated using active material particles such as flakes, fingers, projections, needles, threads, fibers, pods, hairs, ribbons and the like, which have an aspect ratio of at least 1:3:1. The high aspect ratio, in combination with relatively shallow discharge cycles, provides high power of at least 800 W/kg sustainable over at least ten seconds, high energy of at least 7 W-hr/kg, and a high cycle life of at least 250 cycles. Selection of parameters also provides power to energy ratios for high power, high energy batteries of at least 10. Preferred chemistries for the novel batteries include lithium ion, and preferred active materials include carbon, metal oxides and metal. Batteries including the novel technology can advantageously be used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, electrical appliances, and industrial applications such as battery backup systems and switches.

Ion battery using high aspect ratio electrodes

Methods and apparatus are provided in which a metal precursor is formed in a process that includes the following steps: depositing a metal precursor on a substrate; adding an energy to reduce the metal precursor and to precipitate metal on the substrate as a continuous metal layer; and selecting the metal precursor and the energy such that the purity of the continuous metal layer is greater than 85%, and/or the deposited layer has an electrical conductivity substantially that of a pure metal. Methods and apparatus are also provided in which a metal is deposited onto a substrate by a process which includes the following steps: depositing the metal precursor onto the substrate in a desired pattern; and applying sufficient energy to decompose the precursor to precipitate metal in a continuous metal layer in the desired pattern.

Method of producing and depositing a metal film

An electrolyte is provided having a backbone that includes a plurality of aromatic constituents coupled together by at least one atom having a &pgr;-cloud, and in which a halogen atom and an ion exchange group are covalently bound directly to the backbone. Furthermore, the electrolyte is high temperature resistant and may comprise perhalogenated polymers, including perhalogenated polyphenylenes, perhalogenated polyamides, perhalogenated aromatic polyesters, perhalogenated polyimide, etc. Still further, the electrolyte may have acidic groups as ion exchange groups, including sulfonic acid groups, or phosphoric acid groups.

High temperature polymer electrolytes

High temperature polybenzazole and polyether polymer electrolytes are provided. High temperature polybenzazole polymer electrolytes may comprise a benzobisoxazole, a benzobisthiazole, a benzobisimidazole, a difluorodisulfonated phenyl ring or a sulfonated bisphenylether. High temperature polyether polymers comprise a persulfonated phenyl ring, and a substituted phenyl ring or a substituted bisphenylsulfonyl ring system.

High temperature polybenzazole and polyether electrolytes

Electrodes are manufactured using a fire-retardant solvent and a polymerizable monomer. Electrodes according to the present invention are contemplated to find applicability in substantially any electrode containing device, including batteries. A preferred class of fire-retardant solvents includes solvents that generate a fire-retardant gas upon decomposition. One subclass includes compositions that produce carbon dioxide upon decomposition. Other subclasses include species that generate non-CO,gases upon decomposition, such as CO, SO,, SO,, NO, N,O, NO,, or N,. A second preferred class of fire-retardant solvents include solvents that are fire-retardant without generating a fire-retardant gas upon decomposition, and are electrochemically inactive. Subclasses here include the many phosphates, phosphazenes, borates, siloxanes, fluorinated carbonates and fluorinated ethers that are already known to be included in a fire-retardant electrolyte. It is contemplated that the same solvent may be used in both an electrode paste and an electrolyte. It is also contemplated that the same polymer may be used in both an electrode paste and an electrolyte. An exemplary polymer for this purpose is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In one or both such cases, an electrolyte may advantageously be applied directly to the porous electrode surface, providing excellent interlayer adhesion and thus low interfacial resistance.

Fabrication of electrodes and devices containing electrodes

Display elements of computer screens and other information displays are printed using conservative printing techniques. Contemplated electronic components that can be conservatively printed at the display element level include switches, transistors, capacitors, memory elements, and actuators. Contemplated light path components that can be conservatively printed at the display element level include light pipes or other optical wave guides, mirrors, light emitting diodes, liquid crystals, and actuators. The conservatively printed components may advantageously be produced by a process that includes depositing a precursor onto the substrate in a desired pattern, depositing an appropriate ligand onto the substrate, and applying sufficient energy to transfer electrons from the ligand to the precursor, thereby decomposing the precursor to form a precipitate. In an especially preferred class of embodiments, light emission at individual display elements is controlled by a conservatively printed moving actuator. The teachings herein may advantageously be employed in very large displays (measuring more than a meter across), including larger televisions such as 'hang-on-the-wall' televisions, billboards, custom advertising, and presentation displays. The teachings herein may also advantageously be employed in flexible displays, such as those printed on fabrics utilized in clothing, or wrapped about a curved surface.

Conservatively printed displays and methods relating to same

Water-based, water-fast ink compositions are provided. The compositions contain an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, e.g., a pigment, dye or stain, and a binder material capable of ionically or physically entrapping the selected colorant. The binder material contains two ionically associated components which form a matrix, and comprises either a combination of a monomeric polyacid and a monomeric polybase, or a combination of a basic polymer and an organic acid.

Water-based, water-fast ink compositions containing a binder matrix of a

Secondary metal ion batteries are fabricated using a working electrolyte that is substantially incompatible with the anode material. This is accomplished by forming an SEI on the anode material at least in part using a compatible (i.e., SEI developing) electrolyte, and including a substantially incompatible (non-SEI forming) composition as the working electrolyte.

Metal ion batteries having non-compatible electrolytes and methods of

Water-based, water-fast ink compositions are provided. The compositions contain an aqueous liquid vehicle, a colorant, e.g., a pigment, dye or stain, and a binder material capable of ionically or physically entrapping the selected colorant. Certain novel polymers are provided as well.

Water-based ink compositions containing a binder material of a polymeric

Novel liquid electrolyte plasticizers having enhanced ambient temperature conductivity are provided. These plasticizers have the following general structures ##STR1## in which R.sup.a, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, R.sup.e, R.sup.f, R.sup.i, .alpha., .beta., .gamma., l, p and q are as defined herein. Also provided are conductive compositions containing these novel plasticizers, particularly film compositions, and batteries formulated with such compositions.

Batteries, conductive compositions, and conductive films containing

A single-ion electrolyte achieves conductivity greater than 10.sup.-3 S/cm at 20.degree. C. by employing repeating mer units which are functionalized by fluoroalkylsulfonate groups. Preferred backbones for the electrolyte include polysiloxanes, polymethacrylates and poly(alkylene oxides). More preferred backbones have the structure ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of C and Si such that when A is C then R.sup.4 is (CH.sub.2).sub.1-100' and when A is Si then R.sup.4 is O; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, fluorinated lower alkyl, fluorinated lower alkoxy, and fluoroalkylsulfonate; and R.sup.3 is null or selected from the group consisting of O, (O).sub.1-100, O--CH.sub.2, (O).sub.1-100 --(CH.sub.2).sub.1-100.

Single-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes, and conductive

Growing community of inventors

Redwood City, CA, United States of America

Subhash C Narang