Sarnoff Corporation

Rca Inc.

Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Corporation

Stewart Mark Perlow

Arye Rosen

Aly Eid Fathy

Bernard Dov Geller

Gordon C Taylor

Pradyumna Kumar Swain

Ellen Schwartz Tormey

Sridhar Kanamaluru

Robert W Paglione

Raymond Louis Camisa

Ashok Naryan Prabhu

Adolph Presser

Giora Griffel

Israel Haim Kalish

Moniem Esherbiny

Henry Charles Johnson

Valerie Ann Pendrick

An apparatus for optically generating signals comprises a mode-locked optical radiation source that generates mode-locked optical radiation with emitted modes separated by approximately 10 to approximately 300 GHz. Coupled to the optical radiation source is an optical demultiplexer with a demultiplexer input, a first demultiplexer output, and a second demultiplexer output, the demultiplexer input being coupled to said mode-locked radiation source. Additionally, the apparatus comprises an optical modulator having a modulator input and a modulator output, the modulator input being coupled to the first demultiplexer output, and an optical multiplexer having a first multiplexer input, a second multiplexer input, and a multiplexer output, the first multiplexer-input being coupled to the modulator output, the second multiplexer input being coupled to said second demultiplexer output.

Optical signal generator

A surface PIN (SPIN) device and a method of fabricating such a SPIN device. The SPIN device, when activated, confines carrier injection to a small volume near the surface of the device such that the device is sufficiently conductive to simulate a planar conductor. The SPIN device comprises a P&plus; region and an N&plus; region formed in an intrinsic (I) layer. The P&plus; and N&plus; regions are separated by a lateral length of intrinsic material of length L. The length L is approximately the carrier diffusion length. When DC bias is applied across the N&plus; and P&plus; regions carriers are injected into the intrinsic region at a density exceeding 10 carriers per cubic cm. The intrinsic region is sufficiently thin to confine the carriers near the surface of the intrinsic region. As such, in the &ldquo;on&rdquo; state, the SPIN device simulates a conductive material. In the &ldquo;off&rdquo; state, the SPIN device is no longer conductive. Consequently, a planar array of SPIN devices can be fabricated and selectively activated to form a dynamic, reconfigurable antenna.

Surface PIN device

A reconfigurable antenna capable of dynamic reconfigurability of several antenna parameters. Specifically, the present invention is an antenna comprising a plurality of surface PIN devices arranged in a gridlike array. Each of the SPIN devices can be individually activated or deactivated. When a SPIN device is activated, the surface of the device is injected with carriers such that a plasma is produced within the intrinsic region of the device. The plasma can be sufficiently conductive to produce conductor or metal like characteristics at the surface of the device. Various ones of the SPIN devices can be activated to electronically paint a conductive pattern upon the substrate supporting the PIN devices. Through selective activation of the SPIN devices various surface antenna patterns can be produced upon the substrate including dipoles, cross dipoles, loop antennas, Yagi-Uda type antennas, log periodic antennas, and the like. Additionally, the SPIN device grid may be selectively activated to produce holographic antennas. In a holographic antenna the SPIN devices are activated to produce a simulated metallization pattern that is excited by a surface RF wave transmitted onto the substrate from a surface mounted dipole antenna. The surface wave excites a particular antenna pattern depending upon the shape of the activated SPIN devices. Changing the pattern of the holographic antenna elements causes a beam steering and/or frequency adjustments of the antenna.

Reconfigurable antenna

A tuning circuit, as for a television receiver or video recorder, employs switchable tuning circuits including micro-electronic electro-mechanical switches for selecting the ones of an array of capacitors and/or inductors as is useful in tunable circuits. The array of capacitors and/or inductors and micro-electro-mechanical switches of the switched tuning matrix is formed on an integrated circuit or an electronic circuit substrate along with amplifiers and other electronic elements of the tuning circuit for which the switched tuning matrix is employed. The switchable capacitance and inductance matrices are well suited for use in the resonators employed in the pre-selector filters, post-selector filters and oscillators of electronic tuners, such as those employed in television receivers and video recorders. The capacitors and micro-electro-mechanical switches may be connected to select a particular capacitor of the array of capacitors or to select ones of the capacitors of the array of capacitors to establish a particular capacitance value. The capacitors of the array of capacitors may be of like value or may be of different values, such as would advance simplified response to a digital control word, such as a 1-2-4-8 weighting or a 1-2-2-4 weighting. Similarly, the inductors and micro-electro-mechanical switches may be connected to select a particular inductor of the array of inductors or to select ones of the inductors of the array of inductors to establish a particular inductance value. The inductors of the array of inductors may be of like value or may be of different values, such as would advance simplified response to a digital control word, such as a 1-2-4-8 weighting or a 1-2-2-4 weighting.

Television tuner employing micro-electro-mechanically-switched tuning matrix

An array antenna includes a first ceramic layer and a second ceramic layer. A metal layer is disposed between the first and second ceramic layers. A plurality of radiating elements are mounted on the first ceramic layer, and a plurality of control circuits are mounted on the second ceramic layer. The control circuits are coupled to the radiating elements through a plurality of conductive vias which feed through the metal layer. The array antenna may also include a switch having a plurality of poles formed in the second ceramic layer and coupled to one of the radiating elements through one or more conductive vias. A plurality of phase delay elements may be coupled at a first end to a signal source and coupled at a second end to the respective plurality of poles of the switch to provide phase-delayed signals. A waveguide may also be formed within the ceramic layers. Conductive vias or coaxial transmission lines may be used to connect elements within the array antenna.

Switch structure for antennas formed on multilayer ceramic substrates

Antennas formed using multilayer ceramic substrates

An electronic integrated circuit which includes at least one of RF, microwave, digital and analog components connected in a desired circuit. The integrated circuit includes a substrate of a conductive material having on a surface thereof a body of a dielectric material. The dielectric body is formed of a plurality of layers of the dielectric material bonded together. A plurality of strips of a conductive material are on the surfaces of the layers of the body to form RF, analog and digital components. Discrete electronic devices are mounted on the body and connected in the circuit. Vias of a conductive material extend through the various layers of the body to electrically connect the various strips of conductive material on the layers of the body.

Integrated electronic circuit

A four-port folded interdigitated coupler has two short conductive strips and three full length conductive strips disposed between the short strips. The full length strips are 1/4 wavelength long at a design frequency. The sum of the lengths of the short strips is 1/4 wavelength at that design frequency. The ends of the short strips remote from the ports are connected together and to the center one of the three full length strips by conductive jumpers. In one embodiment the two full length strips which are not connected to the short strips are connected by a conductive jumper at substantially the same longitudinal position as the jumpers which connect the ends of the two short strips. In this embodiment, the two short strips may have equal lengths or they may have unequal lengths. When their lengths are unequal, their jumpers and the associated jumper between the two outer full length strips are positioned off-center with respect to the longitudinal length of the full length strips. With the short strips having unequal lengths, the jumper between the two full length strips may be omitted. In another embodiment, the short strips have unequal lengths and no jumper connects the outer full length strips at the longitudinal position of the short strip jumpers.

High performance interdigitated coupler with additional jumper wire

An impedance transformation network includes a trifilar wire configuration in which each of three conductors, each having first and second respective ends, is equally spaced with respect to one another over a predetermined length. A substantial portion of the trifilar wire is surrounded by a ferrite material. The first and second ends of a first conductor are connected to first and second connection points of a first circuit. The first end of a second conductor is connected to a first connection point of a second circuit. The second end of the second conductor is connected to a second connection point of the second circuit. The second end of the second conductor and the first end of the third conductor are connected to a third connection point of the second circuit. Where the second connection point of the first circuit and the third connection point of the second circuit are signal ground points, the network serves as a balun. Where the impedance presented by the second circuit is four times greater than the impedance presented by the first circuit, the characteristic impedance between any two conductors is desirably made equal to twice the impedance presented by the first circuit to provide a one to four impedance transformation ratio. Additional circuitry is provided for extending the impedance transformation ratio of the network and for minimizing its VSWR.

Growing community of inventors

Marlboro, NJ, United States of America

Stewart Mark Perlow