Other

University of California

Baker Hughes Corporation

Horizon Technology Group

Steven R Patterson

Robert B McIntosh

Philip E Mauger

Carl M Edwards

Dustin Wade Carr

Carl A Zanoni

Layton C Hale

Terry N Malsbury

Vivek G Badami

Gene A Goodman

An apparatus and method for estimating a parameter of interest using values of a beam property from two or more electromagnetic beams that both pass through at least part of an optical displacement device. The apparatus may include a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a collimated light source, and a detection array. At least one mirror of the interferometer may be operably coupled to an element receiving an external stimulus, such as pressure, force, and/or acceleration. The method includes using the apparatus.

Wide dynamic range interferometric transducer with divergent beam

A micro-opto-electro-mechanical transducer in which an optical element is angularly positioned by electrical field coupling. Movable electrodes of two orthogonally disposed, differential variable capacitors are coupled to the optical element constrained by structural means to angular displacement around two free-axes of rotation. Cooperating stationary capacitor electrodes with surface contoured regions facing the movable electrodes are affixed to the structural means. A thin dielectric layer of high permittivity material provides a region of fixed spacing between the capacitor electrodes. The surface contoured regions constrain the approach of the movable electrodes with angular displacement of the optical element. Both the open-loop gain and the equilibrium voltage-angle response of the transducer is largely independent of displacement. Electrostatic force feedback maintains the optical element at voltage programmed positions of static equilibrium over a wide angular range of tip and tilt. In simpler embodiments, the optical element is angularly positioned in one direction around one axis of rotation. A preferred method of control allows an electrode of each variable capacitor to be electrically grounded.

Apparatus and method to angularly position micro-optical elements

A method to construct a capacitive transducers comprising the steps of forming over and in a planar surface of a substrate at least one rigid electrode of a variable-area capacitor electrically connected to a location on said substrate reserved for electrode attachment; providing a cooperating flexible electrode with a dielectric layer; and bonding said flexible electrode to said substrate in a surface region surrounding said rigid electrode.

Method to construct variable-area capacitive transducers

A pedestal optical substrate that simultaneously provides high substrate dynamic stiffness, provides low surface figure sensitivity to mechanical mounting hardware inputs, and constrains surface figure changes caused by optical coatings to be primarily spherical in nature. The pedestal optical substrate includes a disk-like optic or substrate section having a top surface that is coated, a disk-like base section that provides location at which the substrate can be mounted, and a connecting cylindrical section between the base and optics or substrate sections. The connecting cylindrical section may be attached via three spaced legs or members. However, the pedestal optical substrate can be manufactured from a solid piece of material to form a monolith, thus avoiding joints between the sections, or the disk-like base can be formed separately and connected to the connecting section. By way of example, the pedestal optical substrate may be utilized in the fabrication of optics for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography imaging system, or in any optical system requiring coated optics and substrates with reduced sensitivity to mechanical mounts.

Pedestal substrate for coated optics

The invention features a phase measurement system for minimizing cyclic errors in a relative phase between exit reference and measurement beams emerging from an interferometer. The phase measurement system includes: a first optical processing channel including a first polarizer and a first detector, wherein during operation a first portion of the exit reference and measurement beams pass through the first polarizer to produce a first mixed beam and wherein the first detector measures an intensity of the first mixed beam; a second optical processing channel including a quarter wave retarder, a second polarizer, and a second detector, wherein during operation a second portion of the exit reference and measurement beams passes through the retarder and then the second polarizer to produce a second mixed beam and wherein the second detector measures an intensity of the second mixed beam; and a signal processor which during operation receives signals from the first and second detectors indicative of the intensities of the first and second mixed beams and processes the signals to determine, and minimize cyclic errors in, the relative phase between the exit reference and measurement beams. The invention also features interferometry, lithography, and beam writing systems that include the phase measurement system to improve the accuracy of interferometric distance measurements.

Interferometry system having reduced cyclic errors

A variable area capacitor with a flexible electrode responsive to a physical effect and a rigid electrode with a predetermined surface contour. The surface contour is dimensioned to provide a specific change in capacitance with deflection of the flexible electrode. A thin dielectric layer maintains a substantially fixed spacing between the two electrodes. Preferred embodiments include a pressure sensor, microphone and accelerometer. A differential transconductance amplifier detects changes of the variable capacitor in a low-impedance, bridge-like circuit and feeds back current to balance the bridge. The voltage that controls the feedback current is proportional to capacitance over a wide dynamic range.

Growing community of inventors

Concord, NC, United States of America

Steven R Patterson