Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company

3m Innovative Properties Company

Other

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

University of Minnesota

Hydochar LLC

Steven M Heilmann

Jerald K Rasmussen

Larry R Krepski

Babu Nana Gaddam

Duane Douglas Fansler

Kevin Michael Lewandowski

Michael S Wendland

Dean M Moren

Frederick J Palensky

Patrick L Coleman

Howell K Smith, Ii

Alan Roy Katritzky

Ahmed Salih Abuelyaman

Dean S Milbrath

Louis C Haddad

Gary J Drtina

Frederick W Hyde

Stephen B Roscoe

Todd D Jones

Maureen Ann Kavanagh

Stefan A Babirad

Kumars Sakizadeh

Todd W Johnson

Philip D Eitzman

Cecil V Francis

Daniel E Mickus

Robert A Pranis

Frederick J Schendel

Kenneth J Valentas

Richard D Tarr

Margaret M Walker

David B Olson

Robert T Fitzsimons, Jr

Gaddam N Babu

Richard J Rolando

Steven L Kangas

Wayne K Larson

Michael L Tumey

John J Cael

Franklin C Larimore

Julie B Stahl

Robert R Charbonneau

Sadanand V Pathre

Stephen J Cato

Marc Von Keitz

Brant Ulrick Kolb

Kannan Seshadri

Clinton P Waller, Jr

Donald F Hagen

Paul E Hansen

Douglas Eugene Weiss

Yi He

Mark D Purgett

Smarajit Mitra

Greggory S Bennett

Michael J Sadowsky

Mark R Etzel

Simon Kelly Shannon

David S Arney

Michael G Williams

John D Moon

Robert H Menzies

Richard E Bennett

George F Bateson

Christopher John Rueb

Louis E Winslow

John T Capecchi

Andrew S Kuczma

Kejian Chen

Oh-Seung Kwon

William A Driscoll

Francis W Brown

Marc Gregor Von Keitz

Mark T Gibson

Brandon M Wood

Paul A Lefebvre

Jerald K Rassmussen

Jennifer J Sahlin

John C Campbell

Fredrick Bacon

Joel Swinson

Alan R Katritzksy

Anthony L Mikula

Brandon Michael Wood

Lindsey R Jader

Clinton Waller

The present disclosure provides methods for hydrothermally treating sewage wastes to preferably obtain valuable products, including fatty acids, carbon-neutral combustible hydrochar fuels, heavy metal salts for recycling into industrially important metals, and phosphoric acid and derivatives thereof. Fatty acids can be chemically transformed into useful products such as soaps, cosmetics and liquid transportation fuels such as biodiesel and conventional gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels; hydrochars created in the process can be combusted and the energy created used to generate electricity; heavy metal salts can be chemically reduced to form industrially important metals for use as catalysts; and phosphoric acid and its derivatives have very important roles as fertilizers in agriculture.

Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage wastes

The present invention concerns a process for producing synthetic coal and aqueous liquid plant fertilizing solution products from a fermentation residue such as is left over from the corn based process of producing ethanol. The synthetic coal has a high heat value commensurate with naturally occurring coals and is lower in ash and sulfur content and thus has value as a clean burning energy source. The aqueous fertilizer includes commercially useful amounts of phosphorous, potassium and nitrogen in solution. The process of the invention is also energy efficient in that the products produced thereby involve the use of substantially less energy as compared to the traditional methods of processing fermentation residues in the corn based ethanol production industry.

Methods of producing coal and fertilizers from fermentation residues

Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Ligand functionalized substrates

Algae-derived synthetic coal and filtrates. The invention described herein provides an algae-derived synthetic coal product and filtrates and process for preparing the same using an improved hydrothermal carbonization process. The synthetic coal product is similar to natural bituminous coal in terms of percent carbon content and energy equivalency while at the same time containing relatively low levels of sulfur and contaminant heavy metals. Unlike natural coal and other fossil fuels, because the carbon of the biomass is formed through photosynthesis, carbon dioxide formed during combustion is a 'carbon neutral' event with little or no 'new' carbon dioxide being added to the earth's atmosphere. The algae-derived filtrates contain useful constituents.

Algal coal and process for preparing same

Hydrophilic compositions are described, which are prepared from a first oligomer containing pendent polymerizable groups and pendent hydrophilic groups, crosslinked with a co-reactive second component oligomer possessing photoinitiator groups. The compositions may be used as in preparation of hydrophilic gel coatings or layers for medical devices.

Hydrophilic gel from reactive hydrophilic oligomers

Reactive hydrophilic oligomers

Initiators for atom transfer radical polymerizations are described. The initiators have an azlactone or ring-opened azlactone moiety to provide telechelic (co)polymers.

Ring-opened azlactone initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization

Hydrophilic compositions are described, which are prepared from a first component oligomer containing pendent hydrophilic groups and pendent reactive functional groups capable of reaction at effective rates (at normal processing temperatures), with a co-reactive second component possessing functionality that is complementary to that of the first oligomer. The compositions may be used as in preparation of hydrophilic gel coatings or layers for medical devices.

The present invention provides cross linkable compositions useful in the preparation of hydrophilic gels, and are prepared from obligers having pendent hydrophilic ploy(alkenylene oxide) groups, and pendent pulverizable functional groups, and cross linked by polyfunctional ploy(alkenylene oxides).

Crosslinkable hydrophilic materials from reactive oligomers having pendent unsaturated groups

The present invention provides crosslinkable compositions useful in the preparation of hydrophilic gels, and are prepared from oligomers having pendent hydrophilic, poly(alkylene oxide) groups, pendent photoinitiator groups, and optionally polymerizable functional groups, and crosslinked by polyfunctional poly(alkylene oxides).

Crosslinkable hydrophilic materials from reactive oligomers having pendent photoinitiator groups

The present invention provides novel compositions prepared from a first oligomer containing reactive functional groups capable of reaction at effective rates (at normal processing temperatures) with a co-reactive second component oligomer possessing functionality that is complementary to that of the first oligomer. The compositions may be used as coatings, including hard surface coatings, clear coatings, powder coatings and pattern coatings; as adhesives, including pressure sensitive adhesives and hot melt adhesives; as sealants; as optical coatings; as blown microfibers (BMF); as high refractive index optical materials; as barrier films; in microreplication; as low adhesion backsizes, (LABs) and as release coatings.

Reactive oligomers

Photoiniferters for controlled radical polymerizations are described. The photoiniferters have an azlactone or ring-opened azlactone moiety to provide telechelic (co)polymers.

Ring-opened azlactone photoiniferters for radical polymerization

Growing community of inventors

Afton, MN, United States of America

Steven M Heilmann