Intel Corporation

Steven J Kirch

Valluri Ramana Rao

Andrew A Berlin

Mineo Yamakawa

Gabi Neubauer

Thomas E Willis

Oleg B Rashkovskiy

Kenneth Edward Salsman

Xing Su

Selena Chan

Narayanan Sundararajan

Dawson Kesling

Rahul D Limaye

Ewunnet Gebre-Selassie

Shah M Musa

Fugao Wang

Tac-Woong Koo

Dawson W Kesling

A terminal includes control logic to control a phase-locked loop to output a spread-spectrum clocking signal. The control logic controls the generation of the spread-spectrum clocking signal by adjusting at least one parameter of the phase-locked loop. The parameter may be a charge pump setting or a loop-filter capacitance of the phase-locked loop, or their digital equivalents. Adjustment of the parameter reduces a predetermined portion of a communications spectrum. The predetermined portion may be located within a range of frequencies allocated to a specific channel, and reduction of the spectrum in this range may serve to reduce noise associated with clocking harmonics.

Apparatus and method for performing spread-spectrum clock control

A spatial light modulator may be adapted to receive bi-directional drive signals. The spatial light modulator may include a plurality of pixel elements having individual first electrodes and a common electrode providing a second electrode for each of the pixel elements. The pixel elements may be adapted to change between a first state and a second state in accordance with signals applied thereto, and the bi-directional drive signals may include at least a first drive signal and a second drive signal. Both drive signals are applied to change the pixel elements from the first state to the second state and from the second state to the first state.

Light modulator with bi-directional drive

The methods, compositions and apparatus disclosed herein are of use for nucleic acid sequence determination. The methods involve isolation of one or more nucleic acid template molecules and polymerization of a nascent complementary strand of nucleic acid, using a DNA or RNA polymerase or similar synthetic reagent. As the nascent strand is extended one nucleotide at a time, the disappearance of nucleotide precursors from solution is monitored by Raman spectroscopy or FRET. The nucleic acid sequence of the nascent strand, and the complementary sequence of the template strand, may be determined by tracking the order of incorporation of nucleotide precursors during the polymerization reaction. Certain embodiments concern apparatus comprising a reaction chamber and detection unit, of use in practicing the claimed methods. The methods, compositions and apparatus are of use in sequencing very long nucleic acid templates in a single sequencing reaction.

Nucleic acid sequencing by Raman monitoring of uptake of precursors during molecular replication

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein concern nucleic acid sequencing by enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In certain embodiments of the invention, nucleotides are covalently attached to Raman labels before incorporation into a nucleic acid. In other embodiments, unlabeled nucleic acids are used. Exonuclease treatment of the nucleic acid results in the release of labeled or unlabeled nucleotides that are detected by Raman spectroscopy. In alternative embodiments of the invention, nucleotides released from a nucleic acid by exonuclease treatment are covalently cross-linked to nanoparticles and detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) and/or coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Other embodiments of the invention concern apparatus for nucleic acid sequencing.

Methods to increase nucleotide signals by Raman scattering

A pixel is driven with pulse width modulation (PWM). A cycle for the PWM signal is divided into a plurality of super-intervals. Each of the super-intervals is divided into a plurality of intervals. An interval index is stored for the pixel. The timing at which the pixel is changed from one state to another is selected based on an enable signal and the stored interval index.

Methods and apparatus for driving pixels in a microdisplay

A spatial light modulator is adapted to receive bidirectional drive signals.

Nucleic acid sequencing by raman monitoring of uptake of precursors during molecular replication

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Pleasanton, CA, United States of America

Steven J Kirch