E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Daikin Industries, Ltd.

Degussa Aktiengesellschaft

Steven Henry Swearingen

Leo E Manzer

Paul R Resnick

Scott Christopher Jackson

William H Manogue

V N Mallikarjuna Rao

V N Rao

Charles Joseph Noelke

James L Webster

Douglas W Bruhnke

Elrey L McCann

Karlheinz Drauz

Viacheslav Alexandrovich Petrov

Leo Ernest Manzer

Christoph Weckbecker

Ralph Newton Miller

Balreddy Kamireddy

Jan J Lerou

Swiatoslaw Trofimenko

Takuya Ichida

Eric Deguyon Taylor

Cristobal Bonifaz

Ta-Wei Fu

Anne Vogt

Matthias Schaeffer

Allen Capron Sievert

James Arthur Trainham

William George O'Brien

Paul Raphael Resnick

David William Johnson

Shuji Itatani

Kenneth Miles Hill

Shigeyuki Yoshii

John F Wehner

Marlin G Ridley

Shuji Daikin Industries Ltd Itatani

Takuya Daikin Industries Ltd Ichida

A solid lignocellulosic fuel composition is produced from combining the syrup co-product of a lignocellulosic biomass fermentation process and an additional fuel component. The syrup is an excellent binder for a powdery fuel material that is not readily handled. The fuel composition is further processed to form briquettes, pellets and the like.

Fuel compositions containing lignocellulosic biomass fermentation process syrup

A process for reducing the fluorosurfactant content of a stabilized fluorosurfactant-containing aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion by passing dispersion through a first fixed bed of anion exchange resin to reduce fluorosurfactant content. The first fixed bed has a working zone which moves though the column as the ion exchange resin is saturated. The process includes monitoring a property of the dispersion as the dispersion exits the fixed bed to determine break though of the working zone indicating saturation of the fixed bed. The property being monitored is selected from the group consisting of pH and conductivity.

Monitoring column breakthrough in a process for removing fluorosurfactant from aqueous fluoropolymer dispersions

A process for reducing fluorosurfactant content of a stabilized fluorosurfactant-containing aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion comprising passing said stabilized fluorosurfactant-containing aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion through a fixed bed of ion exchange resin beads comprising a polymer and functional groups to reduce fluorosurfactant content, the ion exchange resin beads being monodisperse.

Removing fluorosurfactant from aqueous fluoropolymer dispersions using monodisperse ion exchange resin

A fluorocarboxylic acid preparation process which includes hydrolyzing fluorocarboxylic acid fluoride in the presence of an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form a reaction product containing a fluorocarboxylic acid and hydrogen fluoride (present as hydrofluoric acid); and removing at least some of the hydrogen fluoride from the reaction product by washing the reaction production with aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The hydrolyzing and washing are carried out at a temperature at which the fluorocarboxylic acid is a liquid.

Process for preparing fluorocarboxylic acids

A fluorocarboxylic acid preparation process continuously carries out acidification reaction treatment and washing treatment, and includes subjecting a fluorocarboxylate-containing aqueous solution to acidification reaction treatment in the presence of sulfuric acid so as to form a sulfate-containing fluorocarboxylic acid phase; and subjecting the fluorocarboxylic acid phase to washing treatment using an aqueous sulfuric acid solution.

The fluorine content of an acyclic saturated compound of the formula C F X H (wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br, and wherein n is 1 to 6, a is 1 to 13, b is 0 to 12, c is 1 to 9, and a&plus;b&plus;c equals 2n&plus;2) is reduced by reacting the acyclic saturated compound with HCl in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst, the mole ratio of HCl to the acyclic saturated compound being at least about 1:1.

Process for reducing the fluorine content of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrohalofluorocarbons

Processes for the purification and use of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and zeotropes thereof with HF

N-arylsulfonamide and pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid intermediates, and their use for the preparation of herbicidal 1,3-dioxo-1h-pyrrolo&lsqb;1,2-c&rsqb;imidazole derivatives

A process is disclosed for producing the pentfluropropenes of the formula CF CX&boxH;CF , where X is H or Cl. The process involves hydrodehalogenating CF CCl CF with hydrogen at an elevated temperature in the vapor phase over a catalyst comprising an elemental metal, metal oxide, metal halide and/or metal oxyhalide (the metal being copper, nickel, chromium and the halogen of said halides and said oxyhalides being fluorine and/or chlorine. Processes for producing the hydrofluorocarbons CF CH CHF , CF CHFCF and CF CH CF are also disclosed which involve (a) hydrodehalogenating CF CCl CF with the hydrogen as indicated above to produce a product comprising CF CCl&boxH;CF , CF CH&boxH;CF , HCl and HF; and (b) either reacting the CF CCl&boxH;CF and/or CF CH&boxH;CF produced in (a) in the vapor phase with hydrogen to produce CF CH CHF , reacting CF CCl&boxH;CF produced in (a) with HF to produce CF CHFCF , or reacting the CF CH&boxH;CF produced in (a) with HF to produce CF CH CF . Azeotrope compositions of CF CHFCH with HF, and a process for recovering HF from a product mixture comprising HF and CF CHFCF are also disclosed. Also disclosed are compositions and a process for producing compositions comprising (c1) CF CHFCF , CF CH CF or CHF CH CF and (c2) at least one saturated halogenated hydrocarbon and/or ether having the formula: C H Cl F O wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4, a is an integer from 0 to 2n&plus;1, b is an integer from 1 to 2n&plus;2&minus;a, and c is 0 or 1, provided that when c is 1 then n is an integer from 2 to 4, and provided that component (c2) does not include the selected component (c1) compound, wherein the molar ratio of component (c2) to component (c1) is between about 1:99 and a molar ratio of HF to component (c1) in an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of component (c1) with HF. The process involves (A) combining (i) the azeotropic composition with (ii) the fluorination precursor to component (c2); and (B) reacting a sufficient amount of the HF from the azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition(i) with precursor component (ii) to provide a composition containing components (c1) and (c2) in the desired ratio. The compositions include at least two (c1) compounds, at least one of which is an ether.

Process for the manufacture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene, 2-chloro-pentafluoropropene and compositions comprising saturated derivatives thereof

N-arylsulfonamide- and pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid intermediates, and their use for the preparation of herbicidal 1,3-dioxo-1h-pyrrolo&lsqb;1,2-c&rsqb;imidazole derivatives

Processes for the purification and use of 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and azeotropes thereof with HF

Producing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 and/or CF.sub.3 CH=CF.sub.2 by the

The fluorine content of an acyclic saturated compound of the formula C.sub.n F.sub.a X.sub.b H.sub.c (wherein each X is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br, and wherein n is 1 to 6, a is 1 to 13, b is 0 to 12, c is 1 to 9, and a+b+c equals 2n+2) is reduced by reacting the acyclic saturated compound with HCl in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst, the mole ratio of HCl to the acyclic saturated compound being at least about 1:1.

Process for reducing the fluorine content of hydrofluorocarbons and

A process is disclosed for producing 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene from (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHCOOH and/or its water soluble salts. The process involves providing a mixture containing water and such carboxy compound(s) which has a pH of less than about 4, and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least about 75.degree. C. Certain ether compounds may be included in the mixture along with (CF.sub.3)2 CHCOOH and/or its water soluble salts. The reaction of the carboxy (and optionally ether) compound(s) with water may be employed in connection with a process for producing tetrafluoroethylene and/or hexafluoropropylene by pyrolysis, where by-product perfluoroisobutylene is reacted with water (and optionally an alkanol) to produce (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHCOOH (and optionally one or more ether compounds).

Producing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3 and/or CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CF.sub.2 by

Growing community of inventors

Wilmington, DE, United States of America

Steven Henry Swearingen