British American Tobacco (investments) Limited

Mast Carbon International, Ltd.

Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Limited

Neoteryx, LLC

Carbon Tex Limited

Immuntrix Therapeutics, Inc.

Materials and Separation Technology International Limited

Carbon Technologies Nv

Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company

Immutrix Therapeutics, Inc.

British American Tobacco Limited

Stephen Robert Tennison

Andrew John Blackburn

Jonathan Robert Tunbridge

Roger Nicholas Place

Anthony Paul Rawlinson

Oleksundr Prokopovych Kozynchenko

Volodymyr Vasyljovych Strelko

Susan Rachel Sandeman

Sergey Victorovich Mikhalovsky

Oleksandr Prokopovych Kozynchenko

Beverley Sowerby

Carol Angela Howell

David Thompsett

Jonathan David Brereton Sharman

Peter James Branton

Martin G Duke

Tho Truong Huynh

Piers Catton

Peter Rex White

John Tyrer

Barry David Crittenden

Yishan Zheng

Gary James Phillips

Dinah Blanche Winter

Ganesh Ingavle

Mambet Nuraliyev

Michal Kowalski

Maria Cashmore

Alan Mark Giles

Oleksandr Prokopovyeh Kozynchenko

Hanna Katariina Rajantie

David Emmerson Brown

Thomas Avery

Vlad Strelko

Mark Giles

Vladimir Strelko, Jr

Oleksandr Kozynchenko

David Emerson Brown

A low pressure drop device for personal protection against toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents has a flexible polymer hood impermeable to toxic challenge molecules, a neck seal for sealing the hood about the neck, a half mask for connection to a canister and a low pressure drop canister for chemical protection. The canister contains carbon monoliths of 5- 40 mm diameter, length 1-3 cm, open area 30-60%, surface area &#x2265;700 m/g optionally activated to &#x3e;30 wt % weight loss and optionally impregnated with metallic additives and/or triethylene diamine. The monoliths have square channels of size 100-2000 &#x3bc;m and wall thickness 100-2000 &#x3bc;m. It also contains a resiliently flexible closed cell foam with holes slightly smaller than the monoliths so that flow through the canister is through the monoliths.

Personal protection device using monolithic activated carbons

A range of carbon materials can be produced using lignin in combination with synthetic phenolic resins or naturally occurring lingo-cellulosic materials. The lignin, which is essentially a naturally occurring phenolic resin, has a carbon yield on pyrolysis similar to that of the synthetic resins, which aids processing. The lignin can be used as a binder phase for synthetic resin or lignocellulosic materials allowing the production of monolithic carbons from a wide range of precursors, as the primary structural material where the thermal processing is modified by the addition of small quantities of synthetic resin materials or as structure modified in the production of meso/macro porous carbons in either bead, granular or monolithic form. A carbonised monolith is provided comprising mesoporous and/or macroporous carbon particles dispersed in a matrix of microporous carbon particles with voids between the particles defining paths for fluid to flow into and through the structure. The monolith may take the form of a shaped body having walls defining a multiplicity of internal transport channels for fluid flow, the transport channels being directed along the extrusion direction. The monolith may be made by carbonising a shaped phenolic body based on phenolic resin precursors. In a method for producing such a carbonisable shaped resin body solid particles of a first phenolic resin are provided which is partially cured so that the particles are sinterable but do not melt on carbonisation. The particles of the first phenolic resin are mixed with particles of a second phenolic resin that has a greater degree of cure than said first phenolic resin and has a mesoporous and/or macroporous microstructure that is preserved on carbonisation. The resulting mixture is formed into a dough e.g. by mixing the resin particles with methyl cellulose, PEO and water, after which the dough is extruded to form a shaped product and stabilising in its shape by sintering.

Shaped nanoporous bodies

A porous carbon material suitable for incorporation in smoke filters for cigarettes has a BET surface area of at least 800 m/g and a pore structure that includes mesopores and micropores. The pore volume (as measured by nitrogen adsorption) is at least 0.9 cm/g and from 15 to 65% of the pore volume is in mesopores. The pore structure of the material provides a bulk density generally less than 0.5 g/cc. The material may be produced by carbonizing and activating organic resins and may be in the form of beads for ease of handling.

Porous carbon materials and smoking articles and smoke filters therefor incorporating such materials

Whole blood is treated extracorporeally to remove substances contrary to health using mesoporous/microporous or macroporopus/microporous carbon in the form of beads or a channel monolith. The carbon may be the result of carbonizing a mesoporous or macroporous phenolic resin. Substances contrary to health include externally introduced toxins such as bacterially derived staphylococcus enterotoxins A, B, TSST-1 or autologous, biologically active molecules with harmful, systemic effects when their activity is excessive or unregulated. Examples include the removal of inappropriate amounts of pro- or anti-inflammatory molecules and toxic mediators of systemic inflammatory response syndrome related to sepsis, cardio-pulmonary by-pass surgery, ischaemic reperfusion injury; the removal of larger molecular weight and protein bound uremic toxins related to kidney and hepatic toxins related to liver failure and the removal of toxins relevant to biological and chemical warfare.

Carbon and its use in blood cleansing applications

A filter for a smoking article comprises a monolith. The monolith is produced forming particles of a partially cured resin into a dough, shaping the dough to produce a monolith, sintering the particles, carbonizing and activating the sintered monolith, and incorporating the monolith into a smoking article filter.

Filter for a smoking article

This disclosure relates to carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material. In some embodiments, the material is selected from coconut-derived material and like material of vegetable origin and resin materials to produce activated carbon, the production comprising supplying the material to the inlet end of a kiln, supplying to the kiln an atmosphere comprising steam or carbon dioxide substantially free of oxygen, maintaining a first region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat at a temperature sufficient for drying or removing solvent from the material without carbonization, maintaining a second region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat downstream from the first region at a temperature sufficient for carbonization of the material without activation; maintaining a third region of the kiln having an independently controllable supply of heat downstream from the second region at a temperature sufficient for activation of the carbonized material, and collecting activated carbon from the discharge end of the kiln.

Carbonising and/or activating carbonaceous material

A process is provided for producing discrete solid beads of polymeric material e.g. phenolic resin having a mesoporous structure, which process may produce resin beads on an industrial scale without aggregates of resin building up speedily and interrupting production. The process comprises the steps of: (a) combining a stream of a polymerizable liquid precursor e.g. a novolac and hexamine as cross-linking agent dissolved in a first polar organic liquid e.g. ethylene glycol with a stream of a liquid suspension medium which is a second non-polar organic liquid with which the liquid precursor is substantially or completely immiscible e.g. transformer oil containing a drying oil; (b) mixing the combined stream to disperse the polymerizable liquid precursor as droplets in the suspension medium e.g. using an in-line static mixer; (c) allowing the droplets to polymerise in a laminar flow of the suspension medium so as to form discrete solid beads that cannot agglomerate; and (d) recovering the beads from the suspension medium. Also provided is an apparatus for forming discrete solid beads of polymeric material. In other embodiments, a method is provided for carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material, and an externally fired rotary kiln for carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material.

Making discrete solid particles of polymeric material

An MEA comprising: (i) a central first conductive gas diffusion substrate having a first face and a second face; (ii) first and second catalyst layers each having a first and second face and wherein the first face of the first catalyst layer is in contact with the first face of the gas diffusion substrate and the first face of the second catalyst layer is in contact with the second face of the gas diffusion substrate; (iii) first and second electrolyte layers each having a first and second face and wherein the first face of the first electrolyte layer is in contact with the second face of the first catalyst layer and the first face of the second electrolyte layer is in contact with the second face of the second catalyst layer; (iv) third and fourth catalyst layers each having a first and second face and wherein the first face of the third catalyst layer is in contact with the second face of the first electrolyte layer and the first face of the fourth catalyst layer is in contact with the second face of the second electrolyte layer; and (v) first and second porous current collecting means each having a thickness of less than 400 m, and each having a first and second face and wherein the first face of the first current collecting means is in contact with the second face of the third catalyst layer and the first face of the second current collecting means is in contact with the second face of the fourth catalyst layer is disclosed and a fuel cell comprising such an MEA.

Fuel cell assembly

A cured porous phenolic resin is provided that can be made by cross-linking a phenol-formaldehyde pre-polymer in the presence of a pore former, preferably ethylene glycol. The resin may be formed in situ by condensing a phenol with or without modifying agents and with cross-linking agent by pouring partially cross-linked resin into hot oil, in which case mesoporous resin beads are obtained. The resulting resin has mesopores observable in carbon derived from said resin by a pore structure of said derived carbon that comprises mesopores of diameter of 20-500 &#x212b;, as estimated by nitrogen adsorption porosimentry, the value for the differential of pore volume V with respect to the logarithm of pore radius R (dV/d log R) for the mesopores being greater than 0.2 for at least some values of pore size in the range 20-500 &#x212b;. Microporous beads of the resin may be carbonized into mesoporous carbon beads.

Porous carbons

A method of making mesoporous carbon beads comprises steps of providing a nucleophilic component such as phenolic compound or phenol condensation prepolymer, dissolving the nucleophilic component in a pore former, together with at least one electrophilic cross-linking agent such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, furfural and hexamethylene tetramine, dispersing the resulting solution into a mineral oil to form beads, condensing both the component and the agent in the presence of the pore former to form beads of porous resin, removing the beads from the mineral oil and carbonizing the beads to form mesoporous carbon beads.

A method is provided for making mesoporous resin. It comprises:

An improved fuel cell structure uses a first sheet of carbon fibres separated by an electrolyte from a second sheet of carbon fibres. A fuel cell catalyst is coated on the outside of the fibres and the fuel passed down one set of fibres and oxygen or air passed down the second sheet of fibres.

Fuel cell structure

An electrical heater element of controlled resistivity which can be used for a wide range of applications is formed from an electrically conductive synthetic porous carbon monolith.

Heater for fluids comprising an electrically conductive porous monolith

An improved filter element which can be used in gas masks is formed of short lengths of porous monolithic carbon formed by partially curing a phenolic resin to a solid, comminuting the partially cured resin, extruding the comminuted resin, sintering the extruded resin so as to produce a form-stable sintered product and carbonising and activating the form-stable sintered product.

Filter element

A regenerable adsorber for removing VOCs from gas streams consists of a porous monolithic carbon which can be regenerated by heating by passing an electric current through it.

Method and equipment for removing volatile compounds from air

Growing community of inventors

Addlestone, United Kingdom

Stephen Robert Tennison