E Ink Corporation

Polaroid Corporation

Zink Imaging, Inc.

Other

Senshin Capital, LLC

Zink Holdings, LLC

Polaroid Corporatiion

Stephen J Telfer

Richard J Paolini, Jr

Kosta Ladavac

Kenneth R Crounse

William T Vetterling

Lee Yezek

John L Marshall

Alain Bouchard

Craig A Herb

Sunil Krishna Sainis

Stephen Bull

Christopher L Hoogeboom

Ana L Lattes

Luke M Slominski

Jay William Anseth

Chien Liu

Jennifer M Morrison

Michael J Zuraw

George G Harris

Brian David Busch

Anthony J Puttick

Mark R Mischke

Jurgen M Grasshoff

Socorro M Ramos

Roger A Boggs

Seth J Bishop

David Darrell Miller

Peter Carsten Bailey Widger

Richard A Minns

Stephen G Stroud

Isaac W Moran

Michael P Filosa

Donald A McGowan

Fariza B Hasan

Anemarie DeYoung

David P Waller

Teck Ping Sim

Brandon Ian MacDonald

Peter K Chu

John W Lee

Karl Raymond Amundson

Hywel Morgan

Dirk Hertel

Richard M Allen

Larry C Takiff

Andrew A Drabek

Lloyd D Taylor

Michael T Regan

Jay E Thornton

Randal M Hill

Jason D Feick

Kenneth C Waterman

John M Hardin

Daniel P Bybell

Brian D Bean

Samantha Morrill

Crystal Nguyen

Eric S Kolb

Yuval Ben-Dov

Mark Benjamin Romanowsky

Timothy J O'Malley

Benjamin Harris Paletsky

Jayprakash C Bhatt

Russell A Gaudiana

Edward Buckley

Suhail Shabbir Saquib

Michael D McCreary

Michael S Viola

F Richard Cottrell

Edward P Lindholm

Kap-Soo Cheon

Dana Frederic Schuh

Amit Deliwala

Eugene Bzowej

Brian Steinberg

Craig Alan Breen

Michael A Young

Simon Pang

Ernest W Ellis

Ziyan Wu

Yelena Kann

John C Warner

Joshua Ritchey

Richard L Cournoyer

Cristina Visani

Nishit Murari

Warren D Slafer

James A Foley

Abraham Berhane

Stephen D Fantone

Michael J Arnost

Yongqi Deng

Michael N Burdenko

Demetrious Mark Harrington

Michael L Reisch

Jonathan L Zalesky

Alfredo G Kniazzeh

Walter P Haimberger

Hyung-Chul Choi

Olga Vladimirovna Barykina-Tassa

The present invention is directed to an aqueous sealing composition that comprises a combination of polymers, a poly(vinyl alcohol) homopolymer or poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) copolymer and a polyurethane, a conductive filler, and a water-soluble ether in an aqueous carrier. The aqueous sealing composition may be used to form a sealing film in electro-optic devices having an electro-optic material layer, comprising (a) a plurality of microcells filled with charged particles and a non-polar fluid and (b) a sealing film, wherein the electro-optic material layer is disposed between two electrode layers. The device exhibits good electro-optic performance.

Sealing film compositions for sealing microcells of electro-optic devices

Mixtures are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles and one or more charge control agents. At least one of the charge control agents has a chemical structure that includes a cationic head group, such as an ammonium cation or an iminium compound, and a non-ionic, polar functional group, other than an acyclic secondary amide group. The mixtures are useful as dispersions for forming electrophoretic media that may be incorporated into electrophoretic displays. Alternatively, the dispersions may be useful for forming electrophotographic toners and dispersions for other printing applications.

Charge control agents and particle dispersions including the same

Methods for driving an electro-optic displays having a plurality of display pixels are described. The method includes determining a level of stress quantity for a display pixel of the electro-optic display based on at least one prior update to the optical state of the display pixel, and receiving a request to update the optical state of the display pixel. The method also includes applying driving waveforms from first or second update schemes to the display pixel depending on the update scheme used for an immediately prior update of the display pixel and comparisons of the level of stress quantity to two level of stress thresholds.

Methods for driving electro-optic displays

Electrophoretic displays with multi-particle electrophoretic media and improved methods for driving such multi-particle electrophoretic media, especially using active matrix backplanes and controllers. The driving methods use faster gate updates with differential gaps between set of gate updates for a given pixel. The methods are generalizable to any electrophoretic display using push-pull waveforms, and are particularly well-suited for newer multi-particle electrophoretic displays capable of producing four or more colors at each pixel. Using such methods, electrophoretic displays will appear less 'flashy' than addressing with conventional row-by-row constant-frame-spacing updating.

Multi-particle electrophoretic display having low-flash image updates

Improved methods for driving an active matrix of pixel electrodes controlled with thin film transistors when the voltage on a top electrode is being altered between driving frames. The methods described increase performance by providing smaller swings in the overall voltage between the top electrode and pixel electrode while reducing stress on the thin film transistor.

High voltage driving using top plane switching with zero voltage frames between driving frames

Improved methods for driving a four particle electrophoretic medium including a scattering particle and at least two subtractive particles. Such methods allow displays such as a color electrophoretic display including a backplane having an array of thin film transistors, wherein each thin film transistor includes a layer of metal oxide semiconductor. The metal oxide transistors allow faster, higher voltage switching, and thus allow direct color switching of a four-particle electrophoretic medium without a need for top plane switching. As a result, the color electrophoretic display can be updated faster and the colors are reproduced more reliably.

Driving voltages for advanced color electrophoretic displays and displays with improved driving voltages

A variable transmission film may include an electrophoretic medium having a plurality of capsules and a binder, each capsule containing a plurality of electrically charged particles and a fluid, the charged particles being movable by application of an electric field and being capable of being switched between an open state and a closed state. The film may include at least one of a binder containing fish gelatin and a polyanion; a binder containing one or more tinting agents; capsules containing charge control agents, such as an oligoamine-terminated polyolefin and a branched chain fatty acid comprising at least 8 carbon atoms; a selection of capsules in which at least 60% have a diameter between 50 μm and 90 μm and at least 15% have a diameter between 20 μm and 49 μm; a tinted adhesive layer; and a fluid selected from one or more nonconjugated olefinic hydrocarbons.

Method of forming an electro-optic medium

Methods for efficiently clearing previous state information when driving a multi-particle color electrophoretic medium, for example, wherein at least two of the particles are colored and subtractive and at least one of the particles is scattering. Typically, such a system includes a white particle and cyan, yellow, and magenta subtractive primary colored particles. The clearing pulse may include two different portions of alternating impulses and the overall waveform may be DC balanced.

Driving sequences to remove prior state information from color electrophoretic displays

Systems and methods are disclosed for pressure-sensitive, electrophoretic displays, which may optionally include haptic feedback. A display may comprise a first conductive layer having a pressure-sensitive conductivity and an electrophoretic layer positioned adjacent to the first conductive layer, wherein the electrophoretic layer is in electrical communication with the first conductive layer and is configured to locally change state based on a pressure applied to the first conductive layer. Local and global writing and erasing of the display can also be achieved.

Pressure-sensitive writing media comprising electrophoretic materials

The present invention is directed to a sealing layer that comprises a poly(vinyl alcohol) homopolymer or a poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) copolymer, a polyurethane, and a conductive filler. The sealing layer shows good barrier properties to a non-polar fluid. The sealing layer can be used to seal microcells of electro-optic devices, contributing to improved good electro-optic performance of the device, especially at low temperatures.

Sealing layers comprising a conductive filler for sealing microcells of electrophoretic displays

An electrophoretic display includes an electrophoretic medium having a non-polar fluid and two sets of charged pigment particles dispersed in the non-polar fluid and movable through the non-polar fluid under influence of an electric field. The two sets of charged pigment particles have different optical characteristics from each other. The display also includes a light-transmissive electrode on one side of the electrophoretic medium, a rear electrode on an opposite side of the electrophoretic medium, and a dielectric layer having a dielectric constant greater than 5 between the electrophoretic medium and the light-transmissive electrode or between the electrophoretic medium and the rear electrode configured to reduce electrode electrochemical degradation and buildup of remnant voltages in the display.

Layered structure with high dielectric constant for use with active matrix backplanes

A variable light transmission device has at least one layer of electrophoretic medium comprising charged particles. Application of a an electric field having a waveform formed by a superposition of a carrier and a modulator waveform enables the switching of the device from a closed state to an open state, wherein the open state has higher light transmission than the closed state. As a result, the device enables the selection of the desired optical state by the user.

Driving methods for a variable light transmission device

An electrophoretic display comprising a fluid including a first species of particles and a charge control agent disposed between first and second electrodes. When a first addressing impulse have an electrical polarity is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in one direction relative to the electric field, but when a second addressing impulse, larger than the first addressing impulse but having the same electrical polarity, is applied to the medium, the first species of particles move in the opposed direction relative to the electric field.

Colored electrophoretic displays using same polarity reversing address pulse

Mixtures are disclosed containing a plurality of charged pigment particles and a one or more charge control agents. At least one of the charge control agents has a chemical structure that includes a cationic head group, such as an ammonium cation or an iminium compound, and a non-ionic, polar functional group, other than an acyclic secondary amide group. The mixtures are useful as dispersions for forming electrophoretic media that may be incorporated into electrophoretic displays. Alternatively, the dispersions may be useful for forming electrophotographic toners and dispersions for other printing applications.

A system for simplified driving of electrophoretic media using a positive and a negative voltage source, where the voltage sources have different magnitudes, and a controller that cycles the top electrode between the two voltage sources and ground while coordinating driving at least two drive electrodes opposed to the top electrode. The resulting system can achieve roughly the same color states as compared to supplying each drive electrode with six independent drive levels and ground. Thus, the system simplifies the required electronics with only marginal loss in color gamut. The system is particularly useful for addressing an electrophoretic medium including four sets of different particles, e.g., wherein three of the particles are colored and subtractive and one of the particles is light-scattering.

Coordinated top electrode—drive electrode voltages for switching optical state of electrophoretic displays using positive and negative voltages of different magnitudes

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Arlington, MA, United States of America

Stephen J Telfer