The Penn State Research Foundation

Other

International Business Machines Corporation

Westinghouse Electric Corporation

The Pennsylvania Research Corporation

The Pennsylvania State University

The Penn State University

The Pennsylvania Research Foundation

Lccm Solar, LLC

Solarity, LLC

Stephen J Fonash

Ali Kaan Kalkan

Daniel Hayes

Joseph D Cuiffi

Wook Jun Nam

Sanghoon Bae

Yinghui Shan

Handong Li

A Kaan Kalkan

Xin Lin

Douglas Michael Reber

Robert H Detig

Gang Gary Liu

Somasundaram Ashok

Youngchul Lee

Ramesh Kakkad

David Stone

Satya N Chakravarti

Ajeet Rohatgi

Prosenjit Rai-Choudhury

Joseph R Gigante

Murat Okandan

Vyshnavi Suntharalingam

Ranbir Singh

Chih-Yi Peng

Paul Butterfoss

Reece Kingi

Anand Krishnan

Xiao-Chun Mu

Ramesh H Kakkad

Jing-ya Hou

Francisco A Rubinelli

Aiguo Yin

Osama O Awadelkarim

Kyuhwan Chang

Maria M Ozaita-Mintegui

A photovoltaic or light detecting device is provided that includes a periodic array of dome or dome-like protrusions at the light impingement surface and a metal-less reflector/back electrode at the device back. The beneficial interaction between an appropriately designed top protrusion array and metal-less reflector/electrode back contact (R/EBC) serves (1) to refract the incoming light thereby providing photons with an advantageous larger momentum component parallel to the plane of the back (R/EBC) contact and (2) to provide optical impedance matching for the short wavelength incoming light. The metal-less reflector/back electrode operates as a back light reflector and counter electrode to the periodic array of dome or dome-like structures. A substrate supports the metal-less reflector/back electrode.

Solar cell metal-less reflector / back electrode structure

Micro- or nano-pores are produced in a membrane for various applications including filtration and sorting functions. Pores with at least one cross-sectional dimension in or near the nano-scale are provided. Device designs and processing allow for the use of thin film disposition and nano-imprinting or nano-molding to produce arrays of nano-pores in membrane materials functioning in applications such as filtration membranes, drug application/control structures, body fluid sampling structures, and sorting membranes. The nano-imprinting or nano-molding approach is utilized to create nano-elements in an organic or inorganic mold material with at least one nano-element cross-sectional dimension in or close to the nano-scale. These nano-elements can be in various shapes including slits, cones, columns, domes, and hemispheres.

Nano-pore arrays for bio-medical, environmental, and industrial sorting, filtering, monitoring, or dispensing

A photovoltaic or light detecting device is provided that includes a periodic array of dome or dome-like protrusions at the light impingement surface and three forms of reflector/back electrode at the device back. The beneficial interaction between an appropriately designed top protrusion array and these reflector/electrode back contacts (R/EBCs) serve (1) to refract the incoming light thereby providing photons with an advantageous larger momentum component parallel to the plane of the back (R/EBC) contact and (2) to provide optical impedance matching for the short wavelength incoming light. The reflector/back electrode operates as a back light reflector and counter electrode to the periodic array of dome or dome-like structures. A substrate supports the reflector/back electrode.

Solar cell reflector / back electrode structure

A three dimensional biomedical probe device is provided that includes a planar substrate. A probe structure is supported on the planar substrate. The probe structure has a base and a portion essentially perpendicular to the base extending along a length to a tip and has a linear dimension at the tip of said probe structure of between 5 nanometers (nm) and 5 microns thereby defining an AC, DC, or transient current, charge, or voltage sensing probe. In one variation, this probe is the electrical contact to the biomedical medium. In another variation, this probe is also the gate electrode of a field effect transistor (FET). An array of selectively electrically addressable such devices is also provided giving the ability to sample the physiological activity at many positions within cells, fluids and intercellular regions without the need for mechanical motion and inducing cellular lysis.

Three-dimensional bio-medical probe sensing and contacting structures with addressibility and tunability

A nanostructured or microstructured array of elements on a conductor layer together form a device electrode of a photovoltaic or detector structure. The array on the conductor layer has a high surface area to volume ratio configuration defining a void matrix between elements. An active layer or active layer precursors is disposed into the void matrix as a liquid to form a thickness coverage giving an interface on which a counter-electrode is positioned parallel to the conduction layer or as a vapor to form a conformal thickness coverage of the array and conduction layer. The thickness coverage is controlled to enhance collection of at least one of electrons and holes arising from photogeneration, or excitons arising from photogeneration, to the device electrode or a device counter-electrode as well as light absorption in said active layer via reflection and light trapping of said device electrode.

Lateral collection photovoltaics

A gated microelectronic device is provided that has a source with a source ohmic contact with the source characterized by a source dopant type and concentration. A drain with a drain ohmic contact with the drain characterized by a drain dopant type and concentration. An intermediate channel portion characterized by a channel portion dopant type and concentration. An insulative dielectric is in contact with the channel portion and overlaid in turn by a gate. A gate contact applies a gate voltage bias to control charge carrier accumulation and depletion in the underlying channel portion. This channel portion has a dimension normal to the gate which is fully depleted in the off-state. The dopant type is the same across the source, drain and the channel portion of the device. The device on-state current is determined by the doping and, unlike a MOSFET, is not directly proportional to device capacitance.

Accumulation field effect microelectronic device and process for the formation thereof

Lateral collection photovoltaic (LCP) structures based on micro- and nano-collecting elements are used to collect photogenerated carriers. In one set of embodiments, the collecting elements are arrayed on a conducting substrate. In certain versions, the collecting elements are substantially perpendicular to the conductor. In another set of embodiments, the micro- or nano-scale collecting elements do not have direct physical and electrical contact to any conducting substrate. In one version, both anode and cathode electrodes are laterally arrayed. In another version, the collecting elements of one electrode are a composite wherein a conductor is separated by an insulator, which is part of each collector element, from the opposing electrode residing on the substrate. In still another version, the collection of one electrode structure is a composite containing both the anode and the cathode collecting elements for collection. An active material is positioned among the collector elements.

A non-vacuum-based, non-collodial chemistry-based method of synthesizing metal nanoparticles and nanoparticle-nanostructured material composites obtained by that method. An embodiment of the method of this invention for fabricating a nanoparticle-nanostructured material composite and synthesizing nanoparticles includes preparing a nanostructured/nanotextured material, and, contacting the nanostructured/nanotextured material with a solution. Nanoparticles are synthesized on the nanostructured/nanotextured material as a result of the contact. The method of the present invention can be utilized to fabricate SPR and SERS substrates for sensing and detection. Additional systems based on this approach (e.g., surface plasmon resonance absorption and alloying sensors and nanocatalysts) are described.

Nanoparticle coated nanostructured surfaces for detection, catalysis and device applications

This invention uses large surface to volume ratio materials for separation, release layer, and sacrificial material applications. The invention outlines the material concept, application designs, and fabrication methodologies. The invention is demonstrated using deposited column/void network materials as examples of large surface to volume ratio materials. In a number of the specific applications discussed, it is shown that it is advantageous to create structures on a laminate on a mother substrate and then, using the separation layer material approach, to separate this laminate from the mother substrate using the present separation scheme. It is also shown that the present materials have excellent release layer utility. In a number of applications it is also shown how the approach can be used to uniquely form cavities, channels, air-gaps, and related structures in or on various substrates. Further, it is demonstrated that it also can be possible and advantageous to combine the schemes for cavity formation with the scheme for laminate separation.

Deposited thin films and their use in separation and sacrificial layer applications

An electronic or opto-electronic device or a chemical sensor comprising: an interpenetrating network of a nanostructured high surface area to volume ratio film material and an organic/inorganic material forming a nanocomposite. The high surface area to volume film material is obtained onto an electrode substrate first, such that the nano-scale basic elements comprising this film material are embedded in a void matrix while having electrical connectivity with the electrode substrate. For example, the film material may comprise an array of nano-protrusions electrically connected to the electrode substrate and separated by a void matrix. The interpenetrating network is formed by introducing an appropriate organic/inorganic material into the void volume of the high surface area to volume film material. Further electrode(s) are defined onto the film or intra-void material to achieve a certain device. Charge separation, charge injection, charge storage, field effect devices, ohmic contacts, and chemical sensors are possible.

Electronic and opto-electronic devices fabricated from nanostructured high surface to volume ratio thin films

The invention relates to methods for preparing a removable system on a mother substrate. The method deposits a high surface to volume sacrificial layer on a mother substrate and stabilizes the sacrificial layer by a) removing volatile chemical species in and on the sacrificial layer and/or b) modifying the surface of the layer. The method coats over the sacrificial layer with a capping medium. A system is the fabricated on the capping medium. The method provides through holes to access the sacrificial layer. The method may also apply a top layer onto the system to form a covered system. The invention also includes the step of removing the sacrificial layer to release the system from the mother substrate. Methods of the invention also include selectively removing a portion of the system and capping layers to form void regions defining an array of islands composed of device, structure, or system and capping layer regions, and optionally filling the island-defining void region with a sacrificial material. In such methods the sacrificial material and the high surface to volume sacrificial layer are removed to release the system from the mother substrate. Methods of the invention also include applying a layer to the capping material side of the released system to form a configuration wherein the system is substantially within a bending-stress reduced neutral plane. The systems fabricated according to the invention may be placed on a wide variety of suitable substrates, including flexible substrates.

Use of sacrificial layers in the manufacture of high performance systems on tailored substrates

This invention presents a novel method to form uniform or heterogeneous, straight or curved and size-controllable nanostructures including, for example, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoribbons, and nanotapes, including SiNW, using a nanochannel template. In the case of semiconductor nanowires, doping can be included during growth. Electrode contacts are present as needed and may be built in to the template structure. Thus completed devices such as diodes, transistors, solar cells, sensors, and transducers are fabricated, contacted, and arrayed as nanowire or nanotape fabrication is completed. Optionally, the template is not removed and may become part of the structure. Nanodevices such as nanotweezers, nanocantilevers, and nanobridges are formed utilizing the processes of the invention.

Controlled nanowire growth in permanent, integrated nano-templates and methods of fabricating sensor and transducer structures

There is disclosed an apparatus for providing an ionized analyte for mass analysis by photon desorption comprising at least one layer for contacting an analyte, and a substrate on which said layer is deposited. Upon irradiation of said apparatus, said analyte desorbs and ionizes for analysis by mass spectrometry. The layer or layers of said apparatus comprise a continuous film, a discontinuous film or any combinations thereof.

Matrix-free desorption ionization mass spectrometry using tailored morphology layer devices

There is disclosed a method providing micro-scale devices, nano-scale devices, or devices having both nano-scale and micro-scale features. The method of the invention comprises fluidic assembly and various novel devices produced thereby. A variety of nanofluidic and molecular electronic type devices and structures having applications such as filtering and genetic sequencing are provided by the invention.

Fabrication of molecular scale devices using fluidic assembly

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State College, PA, United States of America

Stephen J Fonash