Union Oil Company of California

Union Oil Company of Company

Stephen G Brass

Michael C Croudace

Peter J Jessup

Timothy Wusz

Mohammad H Ghandehari

Diane M Dillon

Orthorhombic perovskitic metal-oxide superconductors of the lanthanum-barium-copper type (LaBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y) wherein Y ranges from 6.8 to 7.0, and T(R=O) is at least about 90.degree. K., can be prepared by sintering and annealing a substantially stoichiometric calcined mixture of one or more sources lanthanum, barium and copper under conditions wherein the time and temperature of exposure to oxygen during the sintering and annealing operations is controlled.

La123 Superconductor materials

Orthorhombic perovskitic metal-oxide superconductors of the lanthanum-barium-copper type (LaBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.y) wherein Y ranges from 6.8 to 7.0, and T(R=0) is at least about 90.degree. K., can be prepared by sintering and annealing a substantially stoichiometric calcined mixture of one or more sources lanthanum, barium and copper under conditions wherein the time and temperature of exposure to oxygen during the sintering and annealing operations is controlled.

La123 superconductor materials

The octane value of fuels such as gasoline is increased by adding thereto an organic compound containing a tert-butyl group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom, which, in turn, is bonded to yet another atom by double or triple bonds.

Octane enhancers for fuel compositions

The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a combination of compounds, the combination comprising a first compound being (1) a gasoline soluble amide and (2) a second compound being a gasoline soluble ketone. Usually the first and second compounds are each added to the fuel in an amount between about 0.001 and 3 weight percent of the fuel. In particular, the combination of N,N-dibutyl formamide and either benzophenone or methylcyclohexanone provides an effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive for unleaded gasoline.

Fuel composition and method for control of engine octane requirements

The octane value of fuels such as gasoline is increased by adding thereto an organic compound containing a tert-butyl group or a radical containing a trimethyl silyl group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom, which, in turn, is bonded to yet another atom by double or triple bonds.

The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of fused aromatics having at least 2, preferably between 3 and 5, aromatic rings with no heteroatoms substituted in the rings. The polynuclear aromatics can be either unsubstituted or substituted with groups other than an alkyl group. Usually the polynuclear aromatic is added to the fuel in an amount between about 0.1 and 5.0 weight percent of the fuel. In particular, anthracene and phenanthrene, and their non-alkyl derivatives, provide effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additives for unleaded gasoline.

Fuel composition and method for control of octane requirement increase

The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a combination of compounds, the combination comprising (1) a gasoline soluble amide and (2) a gasoline soluble ketone. Usually the two compounds are each added to the fuel in a concentration between about 0.001 and 3 weight percent of the fuel. In particular, the combination of N,N-dibutyl formamide and either benzophenone or methylcyclohexanone provides an effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive for unleaded gasoline.

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels having an enhanced cetane number include at least one azo compound having the formula:

Cetane number improvement

The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of fused aromatics having at least 2, preferably between 3 and 5, aromatic rings with no heteroatoms substituted in the rings. Usually the polynuclear aromatic is added to the fuel in an amount between about 0.1 and 5.0 weight percent on the fuel. In particular, anthracene and phenanthrene, provide effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additives for unleaded gasoline.

A fuel composition containing an acid anhydride as an anti-knock additive.

Gasoline composition containing acid anhydrides

The control of the octane requirement increase phenomenon in an internal combustion engine is achieved by introducing into an internal combustion engine, having manifold and/or combustion surfaces which inhibit the formation of engine deposits, along with the combustion charge, a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of (a) an oil-soluble iron compound and (b) carboxylic acids and/or ester derivatives thereof. In particular the esters of a tertiary alcohol and an unsubstituted, mono-carboxylic acid having at least two carbon atoms, e.g., t-butylacetate, in combination with dicyclopentadienyl iron provides an effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive for said internal combustion engine. Preferably the manifold and combustion surfaces of said internal combustion engine are coated with a low density alumina or zirconia coating. More preferably said alumina or zirconia coating further comprises a carbon gasification catalyst, e.g. a nickel, cobalt and manganese-containing catalyst or an iron, copper and cerium-containing catalyst, dispersed therein.

Method for control of octane requirement increase in an internal

A fuel composition containing a malonate as an anti-knock additive.

Gasoline compositions containing malonates

A fuel composition containing an alkyl phenyl carbonate as an anti-knock additive.

Growing community of inventors

Fullerton, CA, United States of America

Stephen G Brass