Sap Ag

Sap Se

Stefan Dipper

Michael Wilking

Sebastian Schroetel

Erich Marschall

Franz Faerber

Guenter Radestock

Klaus Nagel

Thomas Zurek

Stefan Unnebrink

Stefan Biedenstein

Christian M Bartholomae

Christof Mueller

Christoph Weyerhaeuser

Tobias Mindnich

Peter Karlheinz Zimmerer

Ingo Raasch

Johannes Merx

Daniel Baeumges

Rainer Brendle

Peter John

Hartmut Koerner

Joerg Schad

Hans-Georg Beuter

Christel Rueger

Dirk Janning

Martin Friedt

Frank Klingl

Helidon Dollani

Gregor Dieckmann

Tim Kaiser

Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for receiving user input indicating a value of a first setting of one or more settings, the first setting defining a data integrity scenario that is be applied during a query session with a database system, the data integrity scenario defining data sources for reading data in response to one or more navigation requests, if a concurrent change occurs in the database system, receiving a query, reading, data from one or more data sources based on the query and the first setting, selectively caching at least a portion of the data based on the first setting, and providing a result for display to a user that submitted the query.

Accommodating concurrent changes in underlying data during reporting

In one embodiment, a method receives a query for analyzing data in a database. The query includes a first level calculation that is performed before a second level calculation. When an operator associated with the first level calculation is present in the query, the method performs: calculating the first level calculation by removing group by information for a reference characteristic for the first level calculation to determine a first level calculation result and calculating the second level calculation using the first level calculation result using the group by information for the reference characteristic to determine a second level calculation result, wherein the group by in the second level calculation combines groups of rows in a database table of the database that have the same content in their specified columns.

Database query calculation using an operator that explicitly removes group-by characteristics

According to an aspect, a system for moving a filter in a query model to ensure query semantics includes a query engine configured to obtain a query model for a query to be executed on a database. The query engine includes a query optimizer configured to instantiate the query model by merging the query with the query model. The query optimizer includes a filter mover configured to move a filter to a point within the instantiated query model such that semantics for the query within the instantiated query model is ensured.

Decoupling filter injection and evaluation by forced pushdown of filter attributes in calculation models

In one embodiment, a method receives a query for analyzing data in a database. The method then determines a constant in the query and determines an operator applied to the constant in the query. The operator explicitly controls a behavior of the constant. The constant is represented as a scalar representation in the query instead of as a vectorial representation where the constant would have been used as the vectorial representation without the use of the operator due to a rule governing use of constants. Then, the method performs a calculation for the query to determine a query result using the constant as the scalar representation.

Operators for constants in aggregated formulas

The disclosure generally describes computer-implemented methods, software, and systems for generating and executing queries. A query is received. A set of structure elements associated with the query is determined, wherein the structure elements are used for accessing, in a database, data tuples associated with the set of structure elements. Optionally, the set of structure elements is reduced for accessing data tuples to the structure elements selected. Contributing structure elements are added to the reduced set to not produce objects in the result set but for creating associated objects. Contributing structure elements are handled in an optimized way to keep the data set on which the query result set is calculated as small as possible. This is done by using the smallest set of characteristics in the group-by clause for retrieving the data set to calculate the requested set of structure elements. A result set of the query is provided.

Efficient query optimization for selective use of structure elements

A system includes reception of an instruction to evaluate homogeneity of a first set of values of a plurality of stored sets of values, determination of a first minimum of the first set of values, determination of a first maximum of the first set of values, determination of whether the first minimum and the first maximum are equal, and if it is determined that the first minimum and the first maximum are equal, return of a value equal to the first minimum and the first maximum in response to the instruction.

Homogeneity evaluation of datasets

Embodiments provide a multi-buffering system in an application layer to support unified read/write access to different data source types of an underlying database layer. In a particular embodiment, the database layer comprises both a multi-dimensional data source (e.g. a cube), and another data source type (e.g. a Data Store Object&#x2014;DSO). An abstract buffer component of the multi-buffering system is specialized into a delta buffer configured to read/write data of the cube, and into an after image buffer configured to read/write data of the DSO. A storage mechanism component of the multi-buffering system is specialized into a cache store configured to read/write data of the cube, and a calculation scenario store configured to read/write data of the DSO. The after image buffer may support certain aggregation rules during a DSO read/write operation. The calculation scenario store may leverage capabilities of an in memory database during a DSO read/write operation.

Multi-buffering system supporting read/write access to different data source type

A system and method of key figure data filters are presented. The key figure data filters are implemented in an analytical engine of a business warehouse system. The key figure data filters employ conditions, which can be expressed as a kind of selection that describe a set. A key figure data algorithm can be implemented by the analytical engine using the conditions, yet still respect hierarchies in the business warehouse database.

Key figure data filters in OLAP with hierarchies

In one embodiment, a method receives a query for analyzing data in a database. The query includes a first level calculation that is performed before a second level calculation. The method determines an operator in the query configured to explicitly remove group by information for a reference characteristic in the first level calculation where the group by information is specified for the reference characteristic in the second level calculation. The first level calculation is performed by removing the group by information for the reference characteristic for the first level calculation to determine a first level calculation result and the second level calculation is performed using the first level calculation result using the group by information for the reference characteristic to determine a second level calculation result.

Removing group-by characteristics in formula exception aggregation

A system includes determination of a dimension over which to iterate, determination of a first measure for which an aggregated value is determined per iteration, determination of a second measure for which a value is determined once per calculation of an iterative measure and against which to compare the aggregated value per iteration, and storage of the dimension, the first measure and the second measure as metadata of an iterative measure.

Iterative measures

In one embodiment the present invention includes an OLAP execution model using relational operations. In one embodiment, the present invention includes, a method comprising receiving a first query in an online analytic processor (OLAP) executing on one or more computers, the OLAP generating and comprising a model specifying a graph defining a plurality of nodes and a plurality of tiers, each node corresponding to a different operation on data. A second query is generated by the OLAP. The second query includes a plurality of layered subqueries each corresponding to one of the nodes in the graph for specifying the different operations on data. The second query is received in a relational engine coupled to the datastore. The relational engine executes the second query, and in accordance therewith, retrieves data.

OLAP execution model using relational operations

In one aspect there is provided a method for handling deltas being posted to a repository, database, or other Business Information Warehouse (BW). The method includes receiving, at a delta handler, absolute data without an indication of a change between the received absolute data and data posted to a repository including a fact table. Identifiers are created for the received absolute data. The absolute data including the created identifier is written into a temporary table. One or more deltas are determined by performing a join of the temporary table and the fact table of the repository. The deltas correspond to the indication of the change between the received absolute data and the data posted to the repository. The delta handler provides the one or more deltas to be posted to the fact table of the repository. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Efficient delta handling in star and snowflake schemes

A query having multiple parts may be processed to form an intermediate results set. This intermediate results set may be partitioned into a plurality of groups. Thereafter, the groups may be sorted into a plurality of containers so that each container contains data sufficient to calculate one requested result in the multipart query. Related techniques, apparatuses, systems, and computer program products are also described.

Efficient handling of multipart queries against relational data

A system, method and article for handling ambiguous joins among a plurality of tables based on a query are disclosed. Metadata associated with the plurality tables is generated. The metadata comprises ambiguous join dimensions and special measures, where the ambiguous join dimensions provide a list of all dimensions used in conditions of the query that are ambiguous, and the special measures provide a list of measures that are affected by the ambiguous join dimensions. Data is aggregated in the plurality of tables according to an aggregation level expressed in the query and based on the metadata.

Extended handling of ambiguous joins

Systems and techniques for sequencing transactions and operations. In one aspect, an article includes one or more machine-readable media storing instructions operable to cause one or more machines to perform operations. The operations include identifying a delta of a first data store, and replicating the delta, including the transaction, to a second data store. The delta comprising a collection of changes to the first data store since a previous replication. The delta includes a transaction that began before the previous replication but did not commit before the previous replication replicated data from the first data store.

Growing community of inventors

Wiesloch, Germany

Stefan Dipper