Siemens Elema Ab

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

Servotek Ab

Stefan Brauer

Sven-Gunnar Olsson

Rolf Castor

Goran Rydgren

Sven G Olsson

Anders Larsson

Goeran Rydgren

Tarmo Niininen

Jan Johansson

Krista Nilsson

Sven Gunnar Olsson

Jan-Ove Nilsson

Sven-Gunnar Olson

Linge Anders

Method and apparatus for determining in a person's exhalation air the concentration of a specific substance in the blood by measuring the concentration of said substance and the concentration of water vapor in the exhalation air and utilizing a known relationship between these concentrations. When the method is applied the exhalation air is exhaled freely in a defined air volume having a predetermined composition, and said concentrations are measured in this air volume. The apparatus for working the method comprises a device ( ) which defines a space for receiving the exhalation air, which has two mutually opposite openings through which the space communicates with the surrounding air, and means ( ) for selective quantitative detection of said substance in the air in the defined space.

Method and apparatus for determining indirectly the concentration of a specific substance in the blood

A number of different parameters related to carbon dioxide output of a patient are routinely determined in ventilator/anaesthetic systems. For this purpose, a ventilator/anaesthetic system for determining carbon dioxide parameters includes a ventilator unit in which a first flow meter is arranged to measure an expired flow of gas, and a carbon dioxide meter is arranged to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas. Arranging the carbon dioxide meter in the ventilator/anaesthetic unit minimizes the equipment which must be located in the immediate vicinity of patient, and a faster, more sensitive carbon dioxide meter thus can be used.

Ventilator/Anaesthetic system with juxtaposed CO.sub.2 meter and expired

In conjunction with the diagnosis of conditions in and treatment of the lungs, a small amount of NO is supplied to the lungs in some cases. A gas mixture for this purpose is disclosed in which an inert, non-toxic trace gas is present in an exact concentration in relation to NO, in order to simply and safely control the amount of NO then supplied to the lungs. The amount of NO supplied can be determined by determining the concentration of the trace gas. A method and device for administering breathing gas to a patient together with the aforementioned gas mixture are also disclosed.

Gas mixture and device for delivering the gas mixture to the lungs of a

In a method and a ventilator device for measuring the functional residual capacity, FRC, of lungs, a trace gas is mixed with a breathing gas in a gas mixer and the mixture os fed into the lungs via an inspiratory tube. When a predetermined concentration of trace gas is achieved in the lungs, the supply of trace gas is stopped, and a washout phase starts. During the washout phase, the concentration of trace gas in expired gas and the flow of expired gas are measured. The measurement values are sent to an analyzer which calculates the volume of trace gas in the lungs. Functional residual capacity can then be determined from the calculated volume of trace gas. The trace gas is preferably SF.sub.6.

Method for determining the functional residual capacity of lungs and a

In a spectrophotometer for measuring the concentration of a specific substance, a pulsating (modulated) source of radiation gives rise to an alternating current component, a direct current component and a dark signal component in a measurement signal. The response time for changes in the concentration of the specific substance is reduced while the measurement signal's signal-to-noise ratio is simultaneously improved when the pulsation frequency is from 50 to 1000 Hz, and the direct current component in the measurement signal is filtered out for normalization by a reference signal in a signal analyzer so the concentration of the specific substance can be calculated.

Spectrophotometric method and spectrophotometer for performing the method

A method and apparatus for rapid analysis of a sample medium, particularly a flowing sample medium employ light of a defined wavelength which is guided onto a luminescent layer in contact with the sample medium, the luminescent properties of the layer varying in dependence upon characteristics of the sample medium which are to be analyzed. The luminescent light is monitored by detectors, the detector signals being a measure for the characteristic of interest. For undertaking identification of a particular characteristic with very short follow-up time, even in the presence of a number of other characteristics which influence the luminescent properties, the luminescent intensity is identified for a number of different wavelength regions corresponding in number to the number of characteristics, each characteristic differently influencing the luminescent properties in at least one wavelength region. The signals thus obtained are supplied to a processing device for identifying the value of the characteristic of interest.

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Soedra Sandby, Sweden

Stefan Brauer