International Business Machines Corporation

Srinivasan Muralidharan

Nitin Gaur

Praveen Jayachandran

Anna D Derbakova

Konstantinos Christidis

Maria Elena Smith

Mario Ernesto De Armas

Thomas Charles Burke

Oswaldo Gago

Gaurang Shah

Grant Mericle

Harley Andrew Stenzel

John Raithel Hind

Gabriel Aaron Cohen

Thomas R Haynes

Chih-Hsiung Liu

James M Mathewson, Ii

Neal J Alewine

Bryan Eric Aupperle

Ki Hong Park

Barry Mosakowski

Douglas Alan Larson

Jonathan C Gellin

Gerald Laverte Mitchell, Jr

Cynthia F Krauss

Robin L Yehle

Shirish Amin

The present disclosure relates to the enforcement of a smart contract execution hierarchy on a blockchain. A method includes receiving a submission of a first smart contract to be appended to a blockchain, comparing a priority value of the first smart contract to a priority value of a second smart contract previously appended to the blockchain, determining based on the comparison that the first smart contract has a lower priority than the second smart contract, comparing the terms of the first smart contract to the terms of the second smart contract, determining at least one of an overlap and a conflict between the terms of the first smart contract and the terms of the second smart contract, resolving any terms of the first smart contract that are determined to overlap or conflict with the terms of the second smart contract, and appending the resolved first smart contract to the blockchain.

Method and apparatus to enforce smart contract execution hierarchy on blockchain

A system, method, and computer program product provides contextual contracts across various enterprise blockchain applications. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed including receiving a contextual contract for addition to a blockchain. The contextual contract includes at least one state dependent term. The method further includes appending a block to the blockchain based on the received contextual contract and in response to appending the block, activating a ledger sensor for the contextual contract. The ledger sensor is configured to monitor at least one of the blockchain and at least one other blockchain for transactions that correspond to the at least one term. The method further includes receiving from the ledger sensor data about transactions that corresponding to the at least one term and finalizing the contextual contract by appending a block to the blockchain based on the received data and the contextual contract.

Using ledger sensors to enable contextual contracts across various enterprise blockchain applications

Operating conditions of a blockchain configuration may be dynamic and change automatically under certain circumstances. One example method of operation may include receiving a blockchain transaction sent from a first blockchain to a second blockchain, identifying an inter-ledger contract between the first blockchain and the second blockchain, receiving an inter-ledger message at the second blockchain from the first blockchain, and determining whether to log the blockchain transaction in the first blockchain or the second blockchain based on the inter-ledger message.

Inter-ledger messaging in a blockchain

Source policy identification information of a registry service policy is correlated with configured policy enforcement processing rules and processing actions using a source policy reference key. The source policy identification information includes at least a source policy identifier (ID) of the registry service policy. Per-transaction service policy enforcement information that documents policy enforcement activities performed by a policy enforcement point (PEP) is correlated with the source policy identification information using the source policy reference key. The correlated per-transaction service policy enforcement information of at least one transaction from the per-transaction service data table is provided in response to a query from a policy monitoring point (PMP).

Instrumentation and monitoring of service level agreement (SLA) and service policy enforcement

The creation of a private sub-blockchain from a main blockchain is disclosed including receiving a request including a trust requirement and an agility requirement, receiving monitoring data from at least one of a plurality of validator nodes of the main blockchain, the monitoring data generated by monitoring the execution of transactions and the exchange of consensus messages by one or more of the plurality of validator nodes, determining a minimum number of validator nodes required to meet the trust requirement, identifying a subset of the plurality of validator nodes of the main blockchain that meets the agility requirement based on the received monitoring data, the subset containing at least the determined minimum number of validator nodes required to meet the trust requirement, and creating a private sub-blockchain of the main blockchain, the private sub-blockchain including the identified subset of the plurality of validator nodes of the main blockchain.

System and method to dynamically setup a private sub-blockchain based on agility of transaction processing

The system, method, and computer program product described herein provides a built-in feedback mechanism for a blockchain to sanction validator nodes that consistently 'vote' in a manner that does not match the ultimate consensus. The method includes receiving a vote on whether to add a transaction to the blockchain, comparing the vote to a consensus decision on whether to add the transaction to the blockchain, determining based on the comparison that the vote does not match the consensus decision, in response to determining that the vote does not match the consensus decision, incrementing a value associated with the validator node in a feedback registry, determining that the value associated with the validator node is above a predetermined threshold value, and in response to determining that the value associated with the validator node is above the predetermined threshold, proposing a sanction of the validator node to the plurality of validator nodes.

Establishing overlay trust consensus for blockchain trust validation system

Source policy identification information of a registry service policy is captured. The source policy identification information includes a source policy identifier (ID), a source policy name, and a source policy uniform resource locator (URL). The captured source policy identification information is correlated with configured policy enforcement processing rules and processing actions using a source policy reference key. Per-transaction service policy enforcement information that documents policy enforcement activities performed by a policy enforcement point (PEP) is captured. The captured per-transaction service policy enforcement information is correlated with the captured source policy identification information using the source policy reference key.

The described herein relates to a method executed by a passport service executed by at least one processor coupled to at least one memory. The method includes creating a passport on a cloud application that comprises connectivity details for a tunnel and activating an on-premise appliance of an on-premise system by delivering the passport to the on-premise appliance to build the tunnel. The method further includes generating a passport token via the passport, wherein the passport token comprises dynamically generated connectivity properties. The method also includes binding the cloud application and the on-premise appliance based on the dynamically generated connectivity properties of the passport token and the connectivity details of the passport.

Dynamic and secure cloud to on-premise interaction and connection management

In managing communications for a group of servers, each server in the group of servers receives a request from one or more processor units for connection information for generating a set of mappings for a load balancer of the group of servers to replace another set of mappings for another load balancer of the group of servers. A sub-group of servers, in the group of servers, is created comprising servers that have not yet responded to the request for connection information. Responsive to a determination that a route to the server in the group of servers for a communication received from a client device cannot be identified from the set of mappings for the load balancer while the sub-group of servers includes one or more servers that have not yet responded to the request for connection information, the sub-group of servers receives the communication from the one or more processors.

Managing connection failover in a load balancer

A method for managing communications for a group of servers is disclosed. A processor sends requests to the group of servers for connection information for generating a set of mappings for a load balancer of the group of servers to replace another set of mappings for another load balancer of the group of servers. Responsive to receiving a communication from a client device for the group of servers, the processor determines whether a route to a server in the group of servers can be identified from the set of mappings for the load balancer. If the route cannot be identified from the set of mappings for the load balancer, the processor forwards the communication to a sub-group of the group of servers that have not yet responded to the requests for connection information for generating the set of mapping so that only the one correct server responds.

A method, system and apparatus for selective macro event recording. In accordance with the present invention, events can be selectively included in a macro recording process, even where the events occur across different contexts such as different application windows in different applications. Specifically, once a macro recording session has been initiated for a particular application or application window, events occurring in different applications or application windows can be selected for inclusion in the macro through an append recording operation. Notably, the selective macro recording facility can be included as part of an operating environment, or as part of the individual applications executing within the operating environment.

Selective macro event recording

An invention is disclosed for a programming method and system of implementing parameterization of data types and/or categories to convert an example 'instance' of using a software application into an actual product of program use by customizing the example to make it suitable for user needs. A parameter modeling component along with a parameterization component and an instantiation component are used to create parameterized example instances ('p-instances') and tooling instructions are then invoked to customize a &#x201c;p-instance&#x201d; into a real instance reflecting creation of a document or file or other program artifact (i.e., data product) resulting from actual use of the software application.

Method and system for providing tooling instructions through parameterization as an aid for software application development

As a user navigates through a sequence of screens by selecting certain 'aid' keys, a graph will be built reflecting the navigation history of the user. When a user requests a certain screen by selecting a particular key, screen data is received from a host on a web server. The screen data for the requested screen is compared to the screen data for the screen(s) in the graph associated with the selected key. If a match is established, the user has visited this screen before and its data has already been converted (e.g., scraped). As such, the screen can be retrieved from storage and served to the user. If, however, a match cannot be established, the requested screen will be converted and stored, and the graph will be updated.

Learning computer-generated screens based on user key selections

A method and system for monitoring the operation of an application in a virtual machine. The system can include a debug script processor programmed to command an application executing within the virtual machine according to instructions specified in a debug script. The system further can include a monitor component implemented according to a virtual machine debugging interface and coupled to the virtual machine. Importantly, the monitor component can have a configuration for collecting debug data produced in consequence of the application executing within the virtual machine according to the instructions specified in the debug script.

Growing community of inventors

Apex, NC, United States of America

Srinivasan Muralidharan