Bp Oil International Limited

Sorin Vasile Filip

Rana Ali

Jon Michael Stewart Deeley

John Glenn Sunley

Gareth Gerald Armitage

Nicolaas Richard Van Wezel

Vince Henstock

Brian Hill

Gregory Price

Brian Edward Macey

Amardeep Kaur Mudhar

John Stuart Rogerson

A method for improving the deposit control performance of a fuel comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. The additive may also be used for controlling deposits in a system which comprises the fuel, such as in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine.

Methods for controlling deposits

An optimised method for preparing a fuel additive f is provided. The method comprises carrying out the following reaction: (c, d, e) Starting material c may be prepared using an optimised method which comprises carrying out the following reaction: (a, b, c) 

Methods for preparing fuel additives

A method is provided for preparing a fuel additive having the formula: (1) The method comprises carrying out the following reactions: (i) addition of an alkylating agent b to starting material a: (a) to form an intermediate c; and (ii) ring closing intermediate c to form fuel additive e. 

A method for preparing a fuel additive d is provided. The method comprises carrying out the following reaction: (1) The fuel additive d may be used as an octane-boosting additive in a fuel for a spark, ignition internal combustion engine. 

A method for preparing a substituted fuel additive d is provided. The method comprises carrying out the following reaction: (a) (b) (d), The fuel additive d may be used as an octane-boosting additive in a fuel for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. 

A method for preparing a refinery fuel composition having a target octane number, comprises: (i) blending fuel components in proportions which are designed to give a refinery fuel composition with an octane number which is greater than the target octane number by a margin of less than 1; and (ii) testing the octane number of the refinery fuel composition and, if the octane number falls below the target octane number, blending the refinery fuel composition with a non-metallic octane-boosting additive. A further method comprises: (a) passing a first refinery fuel composition comprising a non-metallic octane-boosting additive to a fuel handing system, and discharging the first refinery fuel composition from the fuel handing system; and (b) passing a second refinery fuel composition to the fuel handing system.

Methods for blending fuels

A method for reducing the tendency of a hydrocarbon fluid to oxidise comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the hydrocarbon fluid. The additive may also be used for protecting a system in which a hydrocarbon fluid is used from the effects of oxidation.

Methods for reducing oxidation

Methods for preparing an octane-boosting fuel additive having the following formula: are provided. In a first aspect, the method may comprise carrying out the following reaction: (i), (ii) In a second aspect, the method may comprise: (1) preparing the fuel additive; and (2) purifying the product of step (1) by: (a) dissolving the fuel additive in a water-insoluble solvent to form a solution; (b) washing the solution with water; and (c) separating the fuel additive product from the water-insoluble solvent using distillation. Steps (i) and (1) of the methods are carried out in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene. 

An additive composition for use in a fuel for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises an octane-boosting additive and one or more further fuel additives. The octane-boosting additive has a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon. The additive composition increases the octane number of the fuel, thereby proving the auto-ignition characteristics of a fuel.

Fuel additives

A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon. The additive increases the octane number of the fuel, thereby improving the auto-ignition characteristics of the fuel.

Fuel compositions

A fuel composition for a spark-ignition internal combustion engine comprises a non-metallic octane-boosting additive. The non-metallic octane-boosting additive is an additive which, when used at a treat rate of 0.67 % by weight, increases the research octane number of a fuel by at least 1.8 whilst maintaining the Tand/or the vapour pressure.

Fuel compositions with additives

A method for preparing a fuel composition which comprises a base fuel, an oxygenate and an octane-boosting additive comprises: blending an additised oxygenate with a base fuel, wherein the additised oxygenate comprises an oxygenate and an octane-boosting additive. The method enables suitable amounts of octane-boosting additives to be incorporated into a fuel composition, whilst enabling fuels having a range of properties to be prepared.

Additising a fuel

A method for improving the ferrous corrosion-preventing characteristics of a fuel comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6-or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6-or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6-or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. The additive may also be used for preventing ferrous corrosion in a system which comprises a fuel, such as a fuel system in a vehicle.

Methods for reducing ferrous corrosion

A method for reducing the propensity of a fuel to form an emulsion comprises combining an additive having a chemical structure comprising a 6-membered aromatic ring sharing two adjacent aromatic carbon atoms with a 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring, the 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring comprising a nitrogen atom directly bonded to one of the shared carbon atoms to form a secondary amine and an atom selected from oxygen or nitrogen directly bonded to the other shared carbon atom, the remaining atoms in the 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring being carbon with the fuel. Thus, the additive may be used as a demulsifier in a fuel.

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