Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Fuji Chemicals Industrial Co., Ltd.

Soji Tsuchiya

Akihito Miyamoto

Kazuhiro Watanabe

Norishige Nanai

Shunsuke Matsuda

Katsuhiro Nichogi

Gentaro Nagamatsu

Masami Honma

Akio Yamashita

Susumu Yoshimura

Yasuo Kudoh

Toshikuni Kojima

Yoshimasa Ito

Sadashi Higuchi

Shohzoh Takahashi

Nonaqueous secondary battery, constituent elements of battery, and materials thereof

A carbon material for negative electrode of a secondary battery, in particular lithium-ion secondary battery, is prepared by pyrolysis in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum of a composite resin obtained by dissolving pitch in a pitch-soluble resin such as a nobolac phenol resin as it is, or a resin solidified by curing treatment in a state in which the above composite resin is dispersed in a resin solidified by curing treatment or in an uncured resin having a phenol hydroxyl radical such as resol type phenol resin, followed by pulverization in an inert gas, and further heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum. Also, a negative electrode material with which irreversible capacity is small, initial discharge capacity is large, and capacity decrease due to cycles is small can be provided by pyrolyzing in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum powder of a resin such as a resol type phenol resin the primary chain of which containing an aromatic compound, or pyrolyzing in an inert gas atmosphere or in a vacuum in a first step, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum in a second step. By employing these negative electrode materials, it is possible to achieve a higher capacity in lithium-ion secondary batteries.

Carbon materials for negative electrode of secondary battery and manufacturing process

An electrochromic display device comprises a pair of first and second, opposed insulative substrates, a layer of electrochromic substance sandwiched between the substrates, a transparent display electrode on the first substrate, and a counter electrode on the second substrate. A dielectric layer analogous in pattern to the display electrode is formed on the counter electrode to improve the device's life time and eliminate interference between adjacent display electrodes.

Electrochromic display having a dielectric layer

A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising an anodized valve metal anode and a cathode provided in face-to-face relation with the anode, between which a layer of a solid electrolyte is provided. The solid electrolyte consists essentially of a tetracyanoquinodimethane complex salt and neutral tetracyanoquinodimethane. In order to suppress generation of toxic gases such as HCN, polyhydric alcohols may be further added to the solid electrolyte.

Solid electrolytic capacitors

A resist material used for forming a positive image by application of radiation, said material comprising as principal constituent poly(ethyl .alpha.-cyanoacrylate), poly(ethyl .alpha.-amidoacrylate) or a binary copolymer thereof or a ternary copolymer of poly(ethyl .alpha.-cyanoacrylate), poly(ethyl .alpha.-amidoacrylate) and polymethacrylonitrile. The minimum incident charge of radiation required for forming a desired resist pattern by use of this resist material is as low as 10.sup.-7 coulomb/cm.sup.2, or far lower than the level required in use of other known resist materials, and a positive resist image which can well stand the chromium etching solutions is obtained by short-time irradiation.

Positive resist for high energy radiation

A film of poly(methacrylamide) is heated to partially form imide bonds with elimination of ammonia, and such imide bonding causes crosslinking in the polymer to form a crosslinked polymer film. This film can be advantageously adapted as a positive resist capable of forming a positive image by exposure to radiation such as electron beams. The minimum incident charge required for such exposure is of the order of 10.sup.-7 coulomb/cm.sup.2, which is far lower than the level required in the use of conventional resists. The resist provided according to this invention is also capable of forming an excellent heat-resistant positive resist image by short-time exposure to radiation.

Growing community of inventors

Kanagawa, Japan

Soji Tsuchiya