Depotech Corporation

Other

Skye Pharma, Inc.

Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Research Development Foundation

Sinil Kim

Taehee Kim

Stephen B Howell

Sharad Murdande

Mantripragada Bhima Sankaram

Andras Gruber

Sharad B Murdande

Andres Gruber

Sharad Murdandi

The invention provides a method for obtaining local anesthetics encapsulated in liposomes, such as multi vesicular liposomes, with high encapsulation efficiency and slow release in vivo. When the encapsulated anesthetic is administered as a single intracutaneous dose, the duration of anesthesia and half-life of the drug at the local injection site is increased as compared to injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. The maximum tolerated dose of the encapsulated anesthetic is also markedly increased in the liposomal formulation over injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. These results show that the liposomal formulation of local anesthetic is useful for sustained local infiltration and nerve block anesthesia.

Sustained-release liposomal anesthetic compositions

The invention provides a method for obtaining local anesthetics encapsulated in liposomes, such as multivesicular liposomes, with high encapsulation efficiency and slow release in vivo. When the encapsulated anesthetic is administered as a single intracutaneous dose, the duration of anesthesia and half-life of the drug at the local injection site is increased as compared to injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. The maximum tolerated dose of the encapsulated anesthetic is also markedly increased in the liposomal formulation over injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. These results show that the liposomal formulation of local anesthetic is useful for sustained local infiltration and nerve block anesthesia.

A drug delivery system provides sustained-release delivery of therapeutic biologically active compounds administered epidurally. In the preferred embodiment the biologically active compound is an opioid, which is encapsulated within the non-concentric internal aqueous chambers or bilayers of multivesicular liposomes. The opioid is released over an extended period of time when the liposomes are introduced epidurally as a single dose for sustained analgesia.

Epidural administration of therapeutic compounds with sustained rate of release

An improved air filtration method and device by which to more effectively clean the ambient air (,) being fed into a motor vehicle's passenger compartment, via the existing OEM ventilation and heating/air conditioning system (,). The notion of a special more conveniently accessible air filtration appliance (,) is set forth with generic variants showing adaptability to differently configured OEM air outlets. The new technique contemplates treating the air instantly as it is being discharged into the passenger compartment; yet remains compatible with existing OEM air filtration provision, some of which are provided at the cowl inlet, others are located mid stream within the ducting system.

Motor-vehicle passenger-compartment air-cleaner

The invention provides a variety of bone marrow-shielding tourniquets and methods for using them to perform bone marrow-shielded chemotherapy with or without general and without the need to remove a patient's bone marrow for protection during the procedure. In the invention method, pressure is applied to at least one body part of the patient that contains myelopoietic bone marrow to temporarily occlude arterial flow to the bone marrow while blood circulation through the remainder of the body is maintained. Then an effective amount of at least one myelosuppresive chemotherapeutic agent is administered to the blood circulation in the remainder of the patient while the arterial flow through the at least one body part is occluded and so that the myelosuppresive effect of the agent is substantially dissipated within the maximum safe period for the occlusion of the arterial flow, or about three hours. The pressure is removed to restore blood circulation to the bone marrow when the effect has substantially dissipated and within the maximum safe period. By the invention method, a tumor located in the remainder of the body is treated by the at least one chemotherapeutic agent without destruction of a substantial portion of the bone marrow in the occluded body part. The bone marrow shielding tourniquets for use in the invention chemotherapeutic method are designed to substantially cover at least the shoulder or hip area of a human so as to occlude arterial flow therein and include inflatable bladders that apply the requisite pressure when the tourniquet is applied to the wearer. The shoulder tourniquet optionally is designed to occlude arterial flow into the proximal scapula as well as into the shoulder area. Bilateral tourniquets are also provided for simultaneous occlusion of bilateral shoulders and, optionally, bilateral scapulae.

Bone marrow shielding apparatus and method of bone marrow-shielded cancer chemotherapy

A multivesicular liposome composition containing at least one acid other than a hydrohalic acid and at least one biologically active substance, the vesicles having defined size distribution, adjustable average size, internal chamber size and number, provides a controlled release rate of the biologically active substance from the composition. A process for making the composition features addition of a non-hydrohalic acid effective to sustain and control the rate of release of an encapsulated biologically active substance from the vesicles at therapeutic levels in vivo.

Multivesicular liposomes with controlled release of encapsulated

An air filtration method and device which more effectively clean the ambient air being fed into a motor vehicle's passenger compartment, via the existing OEM ventilation and heating/air conditioning system. The notion of more conveniently accessible air filtration appliance is set forth with generic variants showing adaptability to differently configured OEM air outlets. The new technique contemplates treating the air instantly as it is being discharged into the passenger compartment, yet remains compatible with existing OEM air filtration provisions, some of which are provided at the cowl inlet, others are located mid stream within the ducting system.

Disclosed are multivesicular liposomes containing biologically active substances, and having defined size distribution, adjustable average size, adjustable internal chamber size and number, and a modulated release of the biologically active substance. The liposomes are made by a process comprising dissolving a lipid component in volatile organic solvents, adding an immiscible aqueous component containing at least one biologically active substance to be encapsulated, and adding to either or both the organic solvents and the lipid component, a hydrochloride effective to control the release rate of the biologically active substance from the multivesicular liposome. A water-in-oil emulsion is made from the two components, the emulsion is immersed into a second aqueous component, and then divided into small solvent spherules which contain even smaller aqueous chambers. The solvents arc finally removed to give an aqueous suspension of multivesicular liposomes encapsulating biologically active substances.

Multivesicular liposomes with controlled release of active agents

The invention provides a method for obtaining local anesthetics encapsulated in liposomes, such as multivesicular liposomes, with high encapsulation efficiency and slow release in vivo. When the encapsulated anesthetic is administered as a single intracutaneous dose, the duration of anesthesia and half-life of the drug at the local injection site is increased as compared to injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. The maximum tolerated dose of the encapsulated anesthetic is also markedly increased in the liposomal formulation over injection of unencapsulated anesthetic. These results show that the liposomal formulation of local anesthetic is usefuil for sustained local infiltration and nerve block anesthesia.

Disclosed are multivesicular liposomes (MVL's) containing biologically active substances, the multivesicular liposomes having defined size distribution, adjustable average size, adjustable internal chamber size and number, and a controlled and variable release rate of the biologically active substance. The process involves encapsulating at least one biologically active substance and optionally an osmotic spacer in a first aqueous component encapsulated within the liposomes. The rate of release of the active substance into the surrounding environment in which the liposomes are introduced can be decreased by increasing the osmolarity of the first aqueous component or increased by decreasing the osmolarity.

Preparation of multivesicular liposomes for controlled release of

A heat exchange device is disclosed herein to be used in conjunction with a standard fireplace. The heat exchange device is made from a continuous tube fabricated into loops that surround the burning fuel. The ambient room air, introduced through an opening for air entry into the tube, is blown through the internal lumen of the tube fabricated into loops, the external surfaces of which are in direct contact with burning fuel and flame. The air passing through the internal lumen of the tube fabricated into loops is heated to a high temperature by the burning fuel and flame.

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Solana Beach, CA, United States of America

Sinil Kim