Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Sigberg Pfohl

Heinrich Hartmann

Walter Denzinger

Michael Kroener

Joachim Paust

Hans-Juergen Degen

Hardo Siegel

Werner Hoffmann

Walter Himmele

Karl Von Fraunberg

Volkmar Weberndoerfer

Erwin Hahn

Friedrich Linhart

Gerd Rehmer

Georg Henning

Andreas Stange

Rudolf Bermes

Bernhard Schulz

Paul Grafen

Manfred Mielke

Juergen Hartmann

Joachim Stedefeder

Henning Kroesche

The wet-end coloring of paper with pigments and fixers is carried out by a process in which the pigment and fixer are added simultaneously to the paper pulp to be colored, and the fixer used is a cationic fixer, in an amount of from 0.01 to 3% by weight, based on the dry paper pulp to be colored.

Coloring paper

Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amines of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinyl-formamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Water-soluble copolymers containing vinylamine units as wet strength and

Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Preparation of water-soluble copolymers containing vinylamine units, and

Paper and paperboard of high dry strength are produced by adding a dry strength enhancer to the paper stock and dewatering the paper stock with sheet formation by using as the dry strength enhancer a mixture of a cationic polymer which contains as characteristic monomers copolymerized units of

Production of paper and paperboard of high dry strength

Aqueous dye mixtures for black shades containing as dyes essentially those dyes which have the C.I. number 19,140, 40,000 or 47,035, in the form of the alkanolammonium salt, and also the dyes of the formula I, II and/or III ##STR1## where the cations R.sup.+ are each independently of the others an alkanolammonium cation, a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cation or an alkali metal cation, and the quantities of the individual dyes are such as to produce a black, are suitable in particular for dyeing paper and leather.

Liquid black dye mixture

Paper having a high dry strength is made using water-soluble homopolymers of salts or quaternary 1-vinyl-2-imidazolines and copolymers of these salts or quaternary compounds with acrylamide and/or methacrylamide as agents for increasing the dry strength of paper.

Making paper which has a high dry strength

A process for the manufacture of paper having a high dry strength and a low wet strength, by treating the surface of the paper with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal salt of a polymer of (a) from 91 to 100% by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and (b) from 0 to 9% by weight of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, diisobutylene, an ester of acrylic acid and/or an ester of methacrylic acid, which has a viscosity of from 5 to 100 mPas in 2% strength aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., and drying the impregnated paper. The polymer is generally employed in an amount of from 1 to 4% by weight, based on dry paper, and increases the dry strength of the paper without substantially increasing the wet strength.

Manufacture of paper having a high dry strength and a low wet strength

In the manufacture of tocopherol (vitamin E) by reaction of isophytol with trimethylhydroquinone in the presence of zinc chloride and acid in a hydrocarbon solvent one of the starting compounds, isophytol, is pretreated with small amounts of ammonia or an amine. Tocopherol is obtained in higher yield and purity.

Manufacture of tocopherol

Pinanes substituted by a group X in the 3-position which group is formyl, or its alkyl-acetals or alkyl-hemiacetals, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid chloride, carboxylic acid amide, hydroxymethyl or aminomethyl substituted in a specific manner at the nitrogen, the optical isomers of these compounds and a process for their manufacture by hydroformylation of .alpha.-pinene in the presence of rhodium catalysts, and conversion of the 3-formylpinane first produced into the above derivatives by conventional methods.

Pinane derivatives

A process for resolving racemic .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.,.beta.-dimethyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone, referred to as D,L-pantolactone, into its optical antipodes, based on the separation of diastereomeric salts of D,L-pantoic acid (.alpha.,.gamma.-dihydroxy-.beta.,.beta.-dimethylbutyric acid), produced from D,L-pantolactone, by means of (-)-3-aminomethylpinane, (+)-3-aminomethylpinane or one of their acid addition salts, as a new resolving agent.

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Speyer, Germany

Sigberg Pfohl