Imperial Chemical Industries Limited

Foseco International Limited

Gist-brocades N.v.

Koch-light Laboratories, Ltd.

Sidney A Barker

Peter J Somers

John Stevenson

Neil Baggett

Martin Bradley

Raymond D George

David R De Courcy

Robin Ross Woodbury

Timothy Hammond

John Frederick Kennedy

Charles John Gray

Geoffrey Harry Stafford

Roderick N Greenshields

John D Humphreys

David R deCourcy

A binder composition for producing articles of bonded particulate material such as foundry moulds or cores comprises an alkaline aqueous solution of a resol phenol-aldehyde resin and an oxyanion capable of forming a stable complex with the resin the amount of alkali present in the solution being sufficient to substantially prevent stable complex formation. Bonded articles are produced from mixtures of particulate material and the binder composition by passing carbon dioxide gas through the formed articles whereby the oxyanion forms a stable complex with the resin and the resin is cured. The oxyanion may be for example borate, stannate or aluminate.

Production of articles of bonded particulate material and binder

A binder composition for producing articles of bonded particulate material such as foundry moulds or cones comprises an alkaline aqueous solution of a resol phenol-aldehyde resin and an oxyanion capable of forming a stable complex with the resin the amount of alkali present in the solution being sufficient to substantially prevent stable complex formation. Bonded articles are produced from mixtures of particulate material and the binder composition by passing carbon dioxide gas through the formed articles whereby the oxyanion forms a stable complex with the resin and the resin is cured. The oxyanion may be for example borate, stannate or aluminate.

A process for the modification, solubilization and/or hydrolysis of a glycosidically linked carbohydrate having reducing groups using a mixture comprising water, an inorganic acid and a halide of lithium, magnesium or calcium. The process is particularly useful for converting cellulose (derived for example from waste-paper, wood or sawdust) or starch to glucose. When cellulose is the starting material the preferred halide is a lithium halide. When starch is the starting material a magnesium halide is preferred.

Solubilization and hydrolysis of carbohydrates

A process for the conversion of an aldose, or a substituted aldose, to a ketose, or a substituted ketose, in an aqueous reaction mixture containing a halide of a metal from Group II of the Periodic Table at a concentration in the range 0.5 molar to saturation. The process is particularly suitable for converting glucose into fructose. The preferred metal halide is calcium chloride.

Process for effecting aldose to ketose conversion

A binder composition in aqueous solution, suitable for use in the production of foundry sand moulds and cores is obtained by mixing an alkali metal silicate, glycosylated polyhydric alcohols produced by acid catalyzed condensation of a carbohydrate having a reducing group and an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups, and optionally an oxyanion salt such as a borate.

Alkali metal silicate binder compositions

Fermentation process, e.g. for the production of an oxidation product such as vinegar, which comprises continuously cultivating a bacterial strain, preferably in a vessel of elongated shape, in a medium containing the substrate to be fermented in the presence of a hydrous oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, zirconium, iron and tin and a chelated polyhydroxy support. The bacterial strain used in the process is preferably chelated or complexed with the hydrous metal oxide and the polyhydroxy support.

Fermentation process

A process for the treatment of a mixture comprising one or more sugars and oxyanions to separate a sugar or a sugar mixture therefrom wherein the ion-containing mixture is treated with an ion-exchange resin. The process may comprise treatment of the ion-containing mixture with a cationic exchange resin having thereon monovalent counterions or a mixture of divalent counterions and hydrogen ions or with first a cationic exchange resin having thereon hydrogen ions and then second with an anionic exchange resin having thereon monovalent or divalent counterions. The process is very useful in the production of fructose-containing syrups.

Separation of sugars from mixtures

A process for converting aldoses or derivatives thereof into ketoses or derivatives thereof which takes place in the presence of oxyanions or mixed complex oxyanions of germanium or tin which form stronger complexes with the ketoses or derivatives thereof than with the aldoses or derivatives thereof. Using the process the equilibrium position in the aldose-ketose reaction is shifted towards higher proportions of ketose. The process is very applicable to the conversion of glucose to fructose particularly when this conversion takes place enzymatically in the presence of glucose isomerase.

Conversion of aldose to ketose in the presence of oxyanions or mixed

The invention relates to biologically active protein molecules, such as enzymes, attached to water-insoluble solids to render the molecules insoluble. In one aspect the attachment is effected by molecules of diazotized m-diamino-benzene adsorbed on a surface of the solid and chemically linked to the protein molecules. This invention also provides methods for reactivating inactivated biologically active material characterized by a water-insoluble solid with a surface to which has been adsorbed molecules of a diazotized aromatic amine chemically bonded to biologically active protein molecules. One method comprises a) adsorbing additional molecules of a diazotized aromatic diamine on said surface, and b) attaching fresh biologically active protein molecules to said additional molecules of diazotized aromatic diamines. Another method comprises a) treating said material with sodium dithionite to regenerate amine groups, and b) diazotizing said amine groups, and c) attaching thereto biologically active protein molecules.

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Birmingham, United Kingdom

Sidney A Barker