Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba

Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd.

Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha

Merck Patent Gesellschaft MIT Beschrankter Haftung

Toshiba Corporation

Shoichi Matsumoto

Akio Murayama

Tomiaki Yamamoto

Hitoshi Hato

Shinichi Kamagami

Susumu Kondo

Nagao Kaneko

Kiyoshi Shohara

Yoshihiro Kinoshita

Hitoshi Tomii

Georg Weber

Bernhard Scheuble

Ian Charles Sage

Hitoshi Hatoh

Hoko Hirai

Masahito Ishikawa

Hirohisa Kato

Yusuke Wada

Yuusuke Wada

Masahiro Kawamoto

Kiyoshi Mizunoya

Daisuke Nakagawa

Susmu Kondo

Yoshinori Kato

A liquid crystal display device has a birefringence control type liquid crystal display unit including a pair of substrates having electrodes on their first major surfaces and arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween such that the electrodes face each other, a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, the material being disposed between the substrates, liquid-crystal molecules of the liquid crystal material being aligned vertically such that longitudinal axes of said molecules are inclined at a slight pretilt angle in respect of an axis vertical to the substrates when no voltage is applied to the electrodes, a pair of polarizing plates arranged on second major surfaces of the substrates, and a device circuit for driving the liquid crystal device in a multiplex manner. This device is characterized in that the liquid crystal material has a helical pitch in the state wherein the material is not disposed between the substrates, and the relationships of d.ltoreq.p and 50.ltoreq.f.multidot.d.sup.2 /p are satisfied, where d=the distance (.mu.m) between the substrates, p=the helical pitch of liquid crystal material disposed between the substrates, and f=the frame frequency (Hz) in the drive mode of the device.

Liquid crystal display device

A light crystal cell comprising a pair of substrates arranged substantially parallel and provided with electrodes on their opposite surfaces, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition held between these substrates, two polarizers arranged on either side of said liquid crystal cell, and an optical retardation film for equalizing the states of polarization of transmitted light that has passed through parts of said liquid crystal cell of different thickness. It is preferable that this optical retardation film is inserted between the liquid crystal cell and a polarizer. The number of optical retardation films need not however be limited to one, and several such films may be used. A polarizer and optical retardation film may also be assembled as one unit.

Ferroelectric liquid crystal display device having equalizing means

This invention discloses a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell having two substrates, arranged substantially parallel to each other, and having electrodes on their opposing surfaces, and a liquid crystal composition held between the substrates, first and second polarizers arranged at both sides of the liquid crystal cell, a first optical delay plate arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer, and a second optical delay plate arranged between the first optical delay plate and the second polarizer, wherein liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal composition are arranged in twisted mode from a second polarizer side to a first polarizer side, the first and second optical delay plates are arranged such that optical axes thereof cross to form an acute angle, and a twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the state of twisted mode is the same as a direction from the optical axis of the second optical delay plate toward the first optical delay plate shifted by the acute angle. A display performed by the liquid crystal display device of this invention is a high-contrast, bright, and achromatic b/w display. The liquid crystal display device of this invention has a wide viewing angle. The liquid crystal display device of this invention is inexpensive.

Liquid crystal display device having optical delay plates

A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell including first and second substrates spatially arranged to oppose each other, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and a liquid crystal composition filled between the first and second substrates and arranged in a twisted mode. First and second polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. An optical retardation film is arranged between the first substrate and the first polarizer. The optical retardation film has a retardation value falling within a range of RO.times.0.55 to RO.times.0.80 where RO is a retardation of the liquid crystal cell. An optical axis of the optical retardation film is angled 100.degree. to 130.degree. with respect to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the first substrate.

The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal cell including two substrates which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and have electrodes on opposing surfaces thereof, and a liquid crystal composition held between the substrates such that the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a twisted mode, first and second polarizers arranged at both sides of the liquid crystal cell, and first and second optical delay plates arranged between the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer, wherein assuming that a retardation value of the liquid crystal cell is given by:

A liquid crystal cell includes first and second substrates arranged to oppose each other, first and second electrodes formed on opposing surfaces of the first and second substrates, respectively, and a liquid crystal composition filled between the first and second substrates and arranged in a twisted mode. First and second polarizers are arranged on both sides of the liquid crystal cell. A first optical retardation film is arranged between the first substrate and the first polarizer, and a second optical retardation film is arranged between said second substrate and said second polarizer. The liquid crystal cell has a retardation value R0 of 0.4 to 0.85 .mu.m, defined by an equation:

Liquid crystal display device having retardation films

In a liquid crystal device, liquid crystal molecules are twisted at a predetermined angle .theta. within the range of 180.degree. to 360.degree. between a pair of substances. Molecular alignment films are formed on the inner surfaces of the pair of substrates such that an angle .alpha. between the axes of the adjacent liquid crystal molecules falls within the range of 0.degree. to 40.degree.. A liquid crystal composition having a twist abilities falling within the range of .theta.-(2500/.theta.)+.sqroot..alpha. (degrees) to .theta.-(12500/.theta.)+.sqroot..alpha. (degrees) is filled between the substrates, thereby eliminating a memory phenomenon and alignment defects such as reverse twisting alignment defects and at the same time improving multiplexing drive characteristics.

Liquid crystal device having different natural and induced twists

Liquid crystal composition

A liquid crystal display element utilizing dynamic scattering uses a liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal and charge transfer complex. The charge transfer complex contains nitro-substituted 9-fluorenones as the electron acceptor.

Liquid crystal display element

An electrochromic display device comprising two electrode substrates, at least one of which is transparent is prepared by applying a solution containing one or more transition metal compounds under an inert atmosphere to the surface of at least one of said electrode substrates. Then, the solution is dried so as to form an electrochromic layer on the surface of the electrode substrate. The drying is carried out by using a temperature ranging between room temperature and 120.degree. C. Finally, the two electrode substrates are fixed in a manner to face each other with an ionic conductor layer or electrolyte layer disposed therebetween to obtain the electrochromic display device.

Method of producing electrochromic display device

Polynuclear dicarboxylatotetrachromium (III) complexes are produced by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with a monobasic chromic (III) salt in a proportion of 4 moles of monobasic chromic (III) salt to 1 mole of dicarboxylic acid. Surface treating agents comprising these complexes provide a surface with desirable properties such as durable water repellency, adhesiveness, antistatic properties, etc.

Production of polynuclear dicarboxylatotetrachromium (III) complexes

A liquid crystal color display device which comprises a first electrode; a first substrate whose surface has a property of orientating the molecules of a nematic liquid crystal parallel with said surface; a second electrode; a second substrate whose surface has a property of orientating the molecules of the nematic liquid crystal perpendicular to said surface; a nematic liquid crystal interposed between the first and second substrates; at least one polarizer; and a means whereby the birefringence of the liquid crystal cell is changed to display various colors.

Liquid crystal color display devices

A liquid crystal device comprises a substrate having a surface treated with a solution including at least one kind of carboxylatochromium (III) complex, and a liquid crystal in contact with the treated surface of the substrate, in which the treated surface has the property of orientating a liquid crystal molecule in a predetermined direction to the substrate surface.

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Yokohama, Japan

Shoichi Matsumoto