Intel Corporation

Densbits Technologies Ltd.

Microwave Networks Incorporated

Shmuel Levy

Hanan Weingarten

Michael Katz

Solomon B Trainin

Boris Ginzburg

Assaf Yaakov Kasher

Avi Steiner

Sumeet Sandhu

John S Sadowsky

Gal Basson

Keith A Holt

Ilan Bar

David G Leeper

Shmuel Ravid

Ami Saguy

Ori Stern

Noam Livneh

A method for converting a measured physical level of a cell into a logical value, in an array of memory cells storing physical levels which diminish over time, the method may include: determining extent of deterioration of the physical levels and determining thresholds accordingly for at least an individual cell in the array; and reading the individual cell including reading a physical level in said cell and converting said physical level into a logical value using at least some of said thresholds, wherein said determining extent of deterioration comprises storing predefined physical levels rather than data-determined physical levels in each of a plurality of cells and determining extent of deterioration by computing deterioration of said predefined physical levels.

Physical levels deterioration based determination of thresholds useful for converting cell physical levels into cell logical values in an array of digital memory cells

A flash memory apparatus that may include a plurality of memory portions, and a controller operative to reserve for data retention purposes, for at least a first duration of time, only certain memory portions; allocate data, during said first duration of time, only to said certain memory portions, thereby to define a retired memory portion for said first duration of time; determine to copy data from a certain memory portion to a retired memory portion based upon a relationship between effective cycle counts of the certain memory portion and the retired memory portion, an effective cycle count of any memory portion is responsive to a number of erase-write cycles and to an effective duration of time the memory portion had available to recover from erase-write cycles; and copy the data from the certain memory portion to the retired memory portion.

Systems and methods for temporarily retiring memory portions

A method and a wireless communication device to overcome a hidden node problem in a BSS The method includes detecting that transmitting one or more data frames causing one or more nodes of an unsynchronized wireless communication network to become hidden nodes. The wireless communication device that causes the hidden node problem requests a time allocation for transmitting one or more data frames to at least one node of the unsynchronized wireless communication network and to transmit the one or more data frames using an antenna beam forming technique at the allocated time frame.

Method and apparatus to provide hidden node protection

A system that includes a multiplicity of flash memory cells; a reading apparatus; a writing apparatus for writing logical data from temporary memory into individual flash memory cells from among said multiplicity of flash memory cells, thereby to generate a physical representation of the logical data including a plurality of physical levels at least some of which represent, to said reading apparatus, at least one bit-worth of said logical data; and a special cell marking apparatus operative to store an earmark in at least an individual one of said multiplicity of flash memory cells for subsequent special treatment.

Systems and methods for handling immediate data errors in flash memory

An apparatus and method that may select a coding mode of an OFDM sub-carrier symbol stream between a diversity mode or a multiplexing mode according to information received in a wireless network.

Method and apparatus to select coding mode

A method for decoding a plurality of flash memory cells which are error correction-coded, the method may include: comparing physical values residing in the plurality of flash memory cells to a first set of decision thresholds thereby to provide a first item of comparison information for each of the plurality of cells; comparing physical values residing the plurality of flash memory cells to a second set of decision thresholds, thereby to provide a second item of comparison information for each of the plurality of cells, wherein neither of the first and second sets of decision thresholds is a subset of the other; and determining logical values for the plurality of flash memory cells by combining said first and second items of comparison information.

Flash memory apparatus and methods using a plurality of decoding stages including optional use of concatenated BCH codes and/or designation of 'first below' cells

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for selectively modulating a data frame of a signal using either a frequency-multiplexing modulation method or a spatial-multiplexing modulation method based on a predetermined criterion.

Method of multiple-input-multiple-output wireless communication

Briefly, an apparatus and method to transmit data stream by using a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters receivers system. The MIMO transmitters receivers system may include a coding mode selector to select a coding mode of each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carrier symbol of a first and second sub-carriers of a data stream according to a feedback data packet having coding information of the OFDM subcarrier symbol. The coding mode may be selected from a diversity coding mode and a multiplexing coding mode.

Briefly, a wireless communication device that includes a processor to enable a determined number of receivers of a MIMO system according to a value provided with a request to enable the receivers is provided. A method for enabling the receivers of MIMO system is also provided.

Method and apparatus to enable multiple receivers

A flash memory system comprising temporary memory, writing apparatus for writing first logical data from the temporary memory into flash memory cells having at least two levels, thereby to generate a physical representation of the first logical data including known errors, reading apparatus for reading the physical representation from the cells, thereby to generate, and store in the temporary memory, second logical data which if read immediately is identical to the first logical data other than the known errors; and controlling apparatus controlling the writing apparatus and the reading apparatus and including known error ID apparatus operative to identify the known errors by comparing the first logical data to second logical data read immediately after the physical representation is generated, to store information characterizing the known errors and to use the information, when the second logical data is next read, to correct the known errors.

Flash memory apparatus including a plurality of memory portions, and a controller operative to reserve for data retention purposes, for at least a first duration of time, only certain portions from among said plurality of memory portions including allocating data, during the first duration of time, only to the certain portions, thereby to define at least one of the plurality of memory portions other than the certain portions as a retired memory portion for the first duration of time.

Flash memory apparatus with a heating system for temporarily retired memory portions

A method for decoding a plurality of flash memory cells which are error-correction-coded as a unit, the method comprising providing a hard-decoding success indication indicating whether or not hard-decoding is at least likely to be successful; and soft-decoding the plurality of flash memory cells at a first resolution only if the hard-decoding success indication indicates that the hard-decoding is not at least likely to be successful.

A method and system for writing in flash memory, the system operative for, and the method comprising, writing data onto a plurality of logical pages characterized by a plurality of different probabilities of error respectively, the writing including encoding data intended for each of the plurality of physical pages using a redundancy code with a different code rate for each individual physical page, the code rate corresponding to the probability of error in the individual logical page.

Apparatus for coding at a plurality of rates in multi-level flash memory systems, and methods useful in conjunction therewith

A method for determining thresholds useful for converting cell physical levels into cell logical values in an array of digital memory cells storing physical levels which diminish over time, the method comprising determining extent of deterioration of the physical levels and determining thresholds accordingly for at least an individual cell in said array; and reading the individual cell including reading a physical level in the cell and converting the physical level into a logical value using the thresholds, wherein the determining comprises storing predefined physical levels rather than data-determined physical levels in each of a plurality of cells and computing extent of deterioration by determining deterioration of the predefined physical levels.

Flash memory device with physical cell value deterioration accommodation and methods useful in conjunction therewith

A flash memory module and a method for programming a page of flash memory cells, the method includes: receiving a cycle count indication indicative of a number of program cycles of the page of memory cells; setting a value of a programming parameter of a programming operation based on the cycle count indication; and programming at least one flash memory cell of the page of flash memory cells by performing the programming operation.

Growing community of inventors

Qiryat Tivon, Israel

Shmuel Levy