Battelle Memorial Institute

The United States of America as Represented by the United States

Bae Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.

University of Hawai'i

Shiv Kumar Sharma

Gregory J Exarhos

Anupam Kumar Misra

Charles F Windisch, Jr

Andrew N Acker

Paul Lucey

Stanley M Angel

An apparatus for detecting sea mines is disclosed. The apparatus includes a pulsed laser, a collection optics, a long-pass beam splitter, a short-pass beam splitter, a Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) channel imager, a Raman channel imager and a florescence channel imager. After the pulsed laser has sent a laser pulse to an ocean surface, the collection optics collects Rayleigh, Raman and florescence scattering return signals reflected from the ocean surface as a result of the laser pulse laser striking the ocean surface and any objects therein. The long-band beam splitter directs the Rayleigh scattering return signals to the LIDAR channel imager. The short-band beam splitter directs the Raman return signals to the Raman channel imager, and directs the florescence return signals to the florescence channel imager.

Apparatus for detecting sea mines

An spectrometer including Raman and LIBS spectroscopy capabilities is disclosed. The spectrometer includes a laser source configurable to produce a lased light directable towards a target substance, the laser source having a single wavelength and having sufficient power to cause a portion of the target to emit Raman scattering and sufficient to ablate a portion of the target substance to produce a plasma plume. A separate remote light collector is optically configurable to collect light emitted from the portion of the target emitting Raman scattering and from the portion of the target producing the plasma plume. A filter is optically coupled to the remote light collector to remove reflected light and Rayleigh-scattered light, and a spectroscope is optically coupled to the filter and configured to separate the collected and filtered light into a frequency spectrum comprising a Raman spectrum and a laser-induced breakdown spectrum. Finally, an electronic light sensor is used to record the frequency spectrum.

Methods and apparatus for remote Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry

Cobalt-nickel oxide films of nominal 100 nm thickness, and resistivity as low as 0.06 &#x3a9;&#xb7;cm have been deposited by spin-casting from both aqueous and organic precursor solutions followed by annealing at 450&#xb0; C. in air. An increase in film resistivity was found upon substitution of other cations (e.g., Zn, Al) for Ni in the spinel structure. However, some improvement in the mechanical properties of the films resulted. On the other hand, addition of small amounts of Li decreased the resistivity. A combination of XRD, XPS, UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy indicated that NiCoOis the primary conducting component and that the conductivity reaches a maximum at this stoichiometry. When x&#x3c;0.67, NiO forms leading to an increase in resistivity; when x&#x3e;0.67, the oxide was all spinel but the increased Co content lowered the conductivity.

Magnetic transparent conducting oxide film and method of making

Cobalt-nickel oxide films of nominal 100 nm thickness, and resistivity as low as 0.06 &OHgr;&middot;cm have been deposited by spin-casting from both aqueous and organic precursor solutions followed by annealing at 450&deg; C. in air. Films deposited on sapphire substrates exhibit a refractive index of about 1.7 and are relatively transparent in the wavelength region from 0.6 to 10.0 &mgr;m. They are also magnetic. The electrical and spectroscopic properties of the oxides have been studied as a function of x&equals;Co/(Co&plus;Ni) ratio. An increase in film resistivity was found upon substitution of other cations (e.g., Zn , Al ) for Ni in the spinel structure. However, some improvement in the mechanical properties of the films resulted. On the other hand, addition of small amounts of Li decreased the resistivity. A combination of XRD, XPS, UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy indicated that NiCo O is the primary conducting component and that the conductivity reaches a maximum at this stoichiometry. When x<0.67, NiO forms leading to an increase in resistivity; when x>0.67, the oxide was all spinel but the increased Co content lowered the conductivity. The influence of cation charge state and site occupancy in the spinel structure markedly affects calculated electron band structures and contributes to a reduction of p-type conductivity, the formation of polarons, and the reduction in population of mobile charge carriers that tend to limit transmission in the infrared.

Optrode apparatus for detecting constituents of a fluid medium includes an optical fiber (13, 13a to 13e) having a metal coating (22, 22a to 22e) on at least a portion of a light transmissive core (17, 17a to 17d). The metal is one, such as silver, gold or copper, which enhances emission of Raman signal frequencies by molecules adsorbed on the surface of the coating when monochromatic probe light of a different frequency is scattered by such molecules and the metal coating is sufficiently thin to transmit light between the absorbed molecules and the core of the fiber. Probe light is directed into one end of the fiber and a detector (16, 16d, 16e) analyzes light emitted from the fiber for Raman frequencies that identify one or more particular molecular species. In one form, the optrode (13e) may function as a working electrode of an electrochemical cell (53) while also serving to detect the products of oxidation or reduction reactions which occur at the electrode surface.

Growing community of inventors

Honolulu, HI, United States of America

Shiv Kumar Sharma