Toray Industries, Inc.

Shinichi Yamada

Tadahiro Uemura

Yoshio Himeshima

Tetsuya Goto

Kuniyasu Shiro

Keiji Tsuda

Akira Shirakura

Takashi Taniguchi

Masaru Kurihara

Naoki Shimoyama

Tetsuo Watanabe

Takao Aoki

Isamu Sakuma

Hideshi Nomura

Hideo Ido

Syunzi Kono

Junji Kajita

Kunihiro Hatanaka

A liquid crystal diaplay apparatus having a color filter base plate with a transparent substrate, a resin black matrix formed by dispersing a light-shielding agent therein and a colored film of three primary colors provided on the transparent substrate, an electrode-carrying base plate provided with electrodes for applying an electric field parallel to the color filter, a liquid crystal disposed between said color filter base plate and said electrode-carrying base plate, a first alignment layer on the protective layer, an overcoat film on the colored film, a second alignment layer on the overcoat film, and a spacer formed on the resin black matrix by patterning a resin is disclosed.

Color liquid crystal display apparatus for producing a display having a high contrast and a wide visual field angle

The present invention provides a liquid crystal display element substrate having spacers fixed in non-display regions on the liquid crystal display element substrate, where the load compression displacement of these spacers in terms of a compression stress of 0.5 to 0.6 GPa is from 0.001 to 1 &mgr;m/mN. Further, it provides a liquid crystal display device which is characterized in that, in a liquid crystal display device where a liquid crystal layer is held between two liquid crystal display element substrates, at least one of these liquid crystal display element substrates is an aforesaid liquid crystal display element substrate. As well as realizing a sufficient cell gap the present invention has the effect that, by maintaining a uniform cell gap within the screen, the problems of a lowering in the display quality due to change in the cell gap and the generation of bubbles at the time of low temperature are resolved. The liquid crystal display element substrate of the present invention and the liquid crystal display device which employs it may be used as the display screens of personal computers, word processors, engineering work stations, navigation systems, liquid crystal televisions, videos and the like, and they are also suitable for use in liquid crystal projection, etc. Further, in the fields of optical communication and optical data processing, they are suitable for use as a spatial light modulator employing liquid crystals.

LCD with spacers having particular characteristics including compression stress

A plastic optical article wherein a transparent coating film is applied on a transparent three-dimensional cross-linked resin having a glass transition temperature of at least 130.degree. C. The article has excellent heat resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance and transparency, and is used as optical materials for optical lenses and substrate materials for various display devices. Also when an inorganic thin film is deposited on a surface such as a transparent electro-conductive film, a thin film having a high heat resistance can be obtained.

Plastic optical articles

Composite membrane

An oxygen scavenger comprises an oxygen absorbent composition and an oxygen permeable film covering the oxygen absorbent composition and including an asymmetric porous membrane whose outer surface portion in the thickness direction of the asymmetric porous membrane is formed as a dense skin layer. Since the dense skin layer is very thin, the oxygen permeability to the oxygen absorbent composition through the oxygen permeable film can be maintained sufficiently high. At the same time, since the dense skin layer has a sufficiently high barrier property as well as a high oxygen permeability, contact of the substances stored in a container with the oxygen absorbent composition can be surely prevented. The substances stored in the container attached with the oxygen scavenger can be prevented from deterioration due to the oxygen present in the container by a high oxygen absorption ability of the scavenger, and maintained in a good or fresh condition for a long term.

Oxygen scavenger

A gas separation membrane with excellent gas separation properties is disclosed. The gas separation membrane is substantially free from pinholes and consists essentially of a crosslinked polyolefin or a crosslinked polyarylene oxide. This gas separation membrane is produced by evaporating a solution containing a polyolefin or a polyarylene oxide having an active functional group which can form crosslinking site therebetween or which can react with a crosslinking agent to form a crosslinking site.

Gas separation membrane

Growing community of inventors

Otsu, Japan

Shinichi Yamada