Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.

Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated

Yamamoto Chemicals, Inc.

Shin Fukuda

Nobuhiro Fukuda

Tomoyuki Okamura

Fumiharu Yamazaki

Katsuhiko Koike

Ryu Oi

Koichi Shimada

Mitsuru Sadamoto

Toshihisa Kitagawa

Yumi Gotoh

Hirotaka Yoshida

Hiroshi Ishikawa

Tetsuya Watanabe

Keisuke Takuma

Kentaro Suzuki

Tsutami Misawa

Tetsunori Shinozaki

Taizo Nishimoto

Yojiro Kumagae

Yoriaki Matsuzaki

Noboru Kawasaki

Hiroshi Maekawa

Kazuhiro Seino

Mitsuo Takase

Masaru Tanabe

Toshihiro Dodo

Yoshinori Ashida

Souta Itou

Satoshi Kawamoto

Masaaki Yoshikai

Yoko Tajiri

Yuko Mochizuki

Takehiro Miyashita

Masato Koyama

Nobuyuki Ishiguro

Hiroaki Saigou

Kimihiko Saitoh

Makoto Morohashi

Hiroaki Saigo

Katsumi Isozaki

An electrolyzer is comprised of an anode and a cathode which are in contact with an electrolytic solution, wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode is composed of an electric conductor having a gas permeable structure comprising a gas generating surface at which gas is generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic solution, a plurality of through holes leading from the gas generating surface to a different surface and allowing the gas generated on the gas generating surface to selectively pass therethrough, and a gas releasing surface which is the different surface for releasing the gas supplied from the gas generating surface via the through holes. At least one of a surface treatment which causes the gas generating surface to be lyophilic for the electrolytic solution and a surface treatment which causes the gas releasing surface to be lyophobic for the electrolytic solution is performed.

Electrolyzer, electrodes used therefor, and electrolysis method

A reflector having a structure in which a high refractive index layer, a low refractive index layer, and a metal layer mainly composed of silver or aluminum are sequentially arranged on a polymer base. The reflector can realize a higher reflectance than the conventional reflective bodies by using a polymer base wherein the atoms measured by XPS which constitute the surface of the polymer base are substantially identical with those constituting the inside of the polymer base. Furthermore, such a reflector can be used for a reflector, a reflector under a light-guiding plate, a backlight device and a liquid crystal display. The polymer base can be obtained by bringing a polymer base and a liquid into contact with each other.

Reflector, use thereof, and method for producing reflector

An object of the invention is to provide a reflector using a metal thin film layer, particularly a reflector having higher reflectance than in the prior art. Specifically, studies have been made to provide a reflector which exhibits a superior reflection-increasing effect. As a result, it has been found that if the thickness of a low refractive index thin film layer (B) which comes in contact with a metal thin film layer (A) is controlled so that it is within a range of 0.7 &#x3bb;/8n&#x2013;1.3 &#x3bb;/8n, a reflector having an arrangement of metal layer (A)/low refractive index thin film layer (B)/high refractive index thin film layer (C) exhibits reflectance which is extremely superior than in the prior art over a wide wavelength range. More specifically, it exhibits higher reflectance than a pure silver single film does, and a reflector superior in durability can be obtained. The lamp reflector, reflector under the light-guiding plate of the invention uses the above-mentioned reflector; therefore, if it is applied to each display device, high brilliance and vivid image can be realized. Further, since the liquid crystal display device of the invention uses the above-mentioned reflector, a clear vivid image can be realized.

Reflector and application thereof

A laminate is provided that can easily attain safety standards, such as impact resistance, while cost reduction is aimed for, for example, when the laminate is provided on a display viewing surface. A display apparatus using the laminate is also provided. By using a filter for a display having a specified parameter, for example, containing a transparent adhesive layer or a transparent resin layer having a specified Young's modulus and a specified thickness, impact resistance is enhanced. By using the filter for a display containing an impact absorption layer having a specified penetration and a specified thickness, impact resistance is enhanced.

Laminate and display apparatus using the same

The display filter is constituted by laminating a transparent adhesive layer (C)containing dye, a polymer film (B), a transparent electrically conductive layer (D), a transparent adhesive layer (E), and a functional transparent layer (A)having an anti-reflection property, a hard coat property, a gas barrier property, an antistatic property and an anti-fouling property sequentially in this order, adhered on a display area; on this occasion, the transparent electrically conductive layer (D)is grounded to a ground terminal of the display via an electrodeand an electrically conductive copper foil adhesive tape

Display filter, display apparatus, and method for production of the same

An object of the invention is to provide a reflective sheet that uses silver which exhibits a high reflectance as a reflective layer and is excellent in light resistance and wet heat durability, as well as a lamp reflector that uses the sheet and does not generate a luminescent line. The reflective sheet constituted by sequentially arranging at least three layers, that is, an underlying layer, a metal layer made primarily of silver and a protective layer on a polymer film is laminated with a molded body by using an adhesive, allowing a polymer film side of the reflective sheet to be a surface to be adhered, to prepare a reflector. The resultant reflector is processed to prepare a lamp reflector.

Lamp reflector and reflector

An object of the invention is to provide a sidelight type backlighting apparatus having high brightness, which is yet reduced in uneven brightness, and to provide a reflector substrate having a surface profile necessary for obtaining such apparatus and a reflector having high brightness and long durability in which the reflector substrate is implemented. A buffer against strain is formed by providing space by protrusions or the like between a light guiding plate of a planar light source apparatus and a reflecting surface of a reflection sheet provided on one main surface of the light guiding plate. Further, a base layer, a metallic layer mainly containing silver, and a light transmitting oxide layer are laminated on the substrate in this order to form a reflection layer.

Reflector, sidelight type backlighting apparatus and reflector substrate

A transparent conductive laminate in which a transparent conductive layer (an ITO film) mainly comprising indium, tin and oxygen is formed on one main surface of a transparent substrate such as a polymeric film and which is excellent in moist heat resistance and scuff resistance and which can be applied to various kinds of transparent electrodes. The transparent conductive layer has a stable amorphous structure, and its resistivity is 1&times;l0 &OHgr;&middot;cm or less, and its electron mobility is 20 cm /(V&middot;sec) or more. This transparent conductive laminate can be prepared by forming an amorphous film mainly comprising indium, tin and oxygen and having a resistivity of more than 1&times;10 &OHgr;&middot;cm on the substrate by a sputtering process under a high oxygen concentration atmosphere, and then subjecting the film to a heat treatment in the range of 80 to 180&deg; C. to decrease the resistivity to 1&times;10 &OHgr;&middot;cm or less, while the amorphous structure is maintained. This transparent conductive laminate can suitably be utilized as the transparent electrode of an electroluminescence light-emitting element equipped with a layer containing zinc sulfide as a light-emitting layer, and in this case, the deterioration of luminance during continuous light emission can be remarkably inhibited.

Transparent conductive laminate and electroluminescence light-emitting element using same

Transparent laminates which have high transparency and, moreover, excellent electromagnetic shielding characteristics and near-infrared cutting-off characteristics, and optical filters for displays using these transparent laminates. These transparent laminates are formed by laminating a transparent electrically conductive layer composed of high-refractive-index transparent film layers (B) and metal film layers (C) consisting of silver or a silver-containing alloy on one major surface of a transparent substrate (A) in such a way that a repeating unit comprising a combination of one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) and one metal film layer (C) is laminated three times or more, and further laminating one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) thereon. The transparent laminate has a sheet resistance of not greater than 3 .OMEGA./sq., a visible light transmittance of not less than 50%, and a light transmittance of not greater than 20% in a wavelength region longer than 820 nm. Optical filters for displays which serve to block leakage electromagnetic waves and near-infrared light from plasma displays can be acquired by using such a transparent laminate.

Transparent laminates and optical filters for displays using same

A reflecting film has at least a transparent polymer film and a thin silver layer applied on the transparent polymer film to reflect light entered from a side of the transparent polymer film. The reflecting film retains a reflectance of at least 90% to visible light even after the reflector is exposed for 300 hours at a reflecting film temperature of 100.degree. C. and an exposure intensity of 500 mW/cm.sup.2 to artificial sunlight from which light of 390 nm and shorter in wavelength has been eliminated. For fabricating the reflecting film, a surface of the transparent polymer film is preferably treated with a metal-containing plasma, then the thin-silver layer is deposited on the treated surface. A reflector making use of the reflecting film is also disclosed.

Reflecting film and reflector making use of the same

A laminate using a polymeric molded article as a substrate and having a light transparency, gas barrier properties and an excellent alkali resistance. The laminate is obtainable by carrying out a surface treatment to deposit an oxide of at least one metal selected from the metal elements of groups 2, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the periodic table, and then forming a gas barrier layer such as oxides of silicon, nitrides of silicon and carbides of silicon on the treated surface. The gas barrier layer is not peeled off from the polymeric molded article even after being immersed in an alkali solution of pH 12 or more. The amount of the metal on the treated surface is preferably in the range of 5.times.10.sup.14 atoms/cm.sup.2 to 3.times.10.sup.16 atoms/cm.sup.2 in terms of the metal atoms per unit area. The practical performance of the laminate is not deteriorated during the patterning, by alkali etching, of a transparent conductive layer formed on the laminate.

Laminate and method for preparing same

A plasma display filter for efficiently cutting off near infrared rays radiated from a plasma display so that malfunction of electronic equipment located around the display making use of near infrared light can be avoided. The filter contains in a base material at least one near infrared ray absorbing compound having a maximum absorption wavelength at 800 to 1,200 nm.

Plasma display filter

A thin microcrystalline silicon semiconductor film suitable for use as an intrinsic semiconductor layer in an amorphous silicon solar cell or the like. The thin microcrystalline silicon semiconductor film comprises an amorphous phase with crystallites contained therein in the form of a prismatic or conical crystallite aggregate phase. Additional crystallites may be dispersed as individual crystallites in the amorphous phase. In the thin film, the crystalline fraction may preferably range from 5 to 80% and the crystallite size may preferably range from 2 to 1,000 nm. This thin film can be formed by first forming an initial film to a thickness in a range of from 2 nm to 100 nm at a deposition rate of from 0.01 nm/sec to 0.1 nm/sec on a substrate and then forming a principal film at a deposition rate of from 0.1 nm/sec to 2 nm/sec, for example, in accordance with RF plasma CVD.

Process for forming a thin microcrystalline silicon semiconductor film

A transparent panel heater which can be used for heating a window portion of liquid crystal displays, refrigerated showcases, freezer showcases, defrosters of windshields, and the like. The panel heater has a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the substrate, a substantially light-transmittable metallic thin layer formed on the conductive film and a pair of electrodes for electrifying the conductive film. The metallic thin layer is preferably deposited by a dry process such as a sputtering process, an ion plating method, various CVD methods, and the like. The electrodes are preferably formed on the metallic thin layer by a wet plating method.

Transparent panel heater and method for manufacturing same

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Sodegaura, Japan

Shin Fukuda