Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Nippon Light Metal Company, Ltd.

Nikkei Techno-research Co. Ltd.

K-tech Devices Corporation

Macnica, Inc.

Fiji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Shigeru Yagi

Yuzuru Fukuda

Masato Ono

Masayuki Nishikawa

Takeshi Iwanaga

Taketoshi Higashi

Noriyoshi Takahashi

Ken-ichi Karakida

Nobuyuki Torigoe

Masao Watanabe

Masaki Yokoi

Tsuyoshi Ohta

Kenichi Karakida

Seiji Suzuki

Yasunobu Iwata

Ken Ebihara

Te Nam Roh

Yumiko Komori

Masahito Tokuhiro

Hiroshi Kojima

Takashi Imai

Toshihiko Suzuki

Koichi Yamamoto

Hideya Katsuhara

Hisayoshi Mori

Susumu Honma

Osamu Ohtani

Shizuo Yamamoto

Shigeru Kurita

Kazuo Yano

Takashi Kurita

Yasutoshi Okugawa

An oxide material including gallium, zinc and oxygen, a ratio of the number of atoms of zinc to the number of atoms of gallium (number of atoms of zinc/number of atoms of gallium) being from about 0.01 to about 0.6 and a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the sum of the number of atoms of gallium and the number of atoms of zinc (number of atoms of oxygen/(number of atoms of gallium+number of atoms of zinc)) being from about 1.0 to about 1.6, is disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a layer which includes the oxide material is also disclosed. An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate; and a photosensitive layer including gallium, oxygen and zinc is also disclosed.

Oxide material, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming device

There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising, in this order a substrate; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer including oxygen and gallium, the protective layer including a first region and a second region that is present closer to the substrate than the first region and has a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the number of atoms of gallium (oxygen/gallium) larger than that in the first region.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming apparatus

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided at a surface of the photosensitive layer. The surface layer contains a first layer which is provided at the photosensitive layer side and has a refractive index of n1 and a second layer which is provided at the opposite side of the first layer to the photosensitive layer and has a refractive index of n2. The refractive index of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index of the first layer, the refractive index of the second layer, the film thickness of the first layer, an integer of 0 or more, and the wavelength of light with which the surface of the photoreceptor is irradiated when an electrostatic latent image is formed satisfy specific relationships.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus and process cartridge using the same

Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer arranged on or above the electroconductive substrate; and a surface layer arranged on or above the photosensitive layer, and containing about 90% or more by atom of gallium (Ga), oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), and having an atomic number density of about 7.8&#xd7;10cmor more.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and process cartridge and image forming apparatus using the same

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a base, a photosensitive layer formed on the base, and an overcoat layer formed on the photosensitive layer, wherein the overcoat layer includes gallium, oxygen, and hydrogen, and the intensity ratio (I/I) of a signal Iof an O&#x2014;H bond to a signal Iof a Ga&#x2014;O bond in an infrared absorption spectrum is about 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electrically conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated in this order. The surface layer includes at least gallium (Ga) and oxygen (O) as constituent elements thereof, and has a thickness of 0.2 &#x3bc;m to 1.5 &#x3bc;m, and a microhardness of 2 GPa to 15 GPa.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an organic photosensitive layer and one or more inorganic thin film layers disposed in this order on a conductive substrate, in which among the one or more inorganic thin film layers at least an inorganic protective layer disposed directly on the organic photosensitive layer has cracks scattered at intervals from about 1 &#x3bc;m to about 10 mm. The inorganic thin film layer having the cracks is a first protective layer and an inorganic thin film is grown on a surface of the first protective layer to form a second protective layer.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer having a thickness of 2 nm to 70 nm, and a surface layer, which are disposed in this order on the conductive substrate. The refractive index n1 of the photosensitive layer, the refractive index n2 of the intermediate layer, and the refractive index n3 of the surface layer satisfy an inequality, n2&#x3e;n3&#x3e;n1.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a group 13 element and oxygen, and absorption peak intensities showing bonds other than a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen are 0.1 times or less of an absorption peak intensity showing a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen in an infrared absorption spectrum in a range of 4000 cmto 400 cm, is provided.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge and image forming device using the same

There is provided: a semiconductor film formed on a base material, containing a group 13 element, nitrogen, and oxygen in an amount of about 15 atomic % or more; a manufacturing method thereof; a light receiving element using the semiconductor film; an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a process cartridge; and an image forming device.

Semiconductor film and manufacturing method thereof, light receiving element using semiconductor film, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming device

There is provided: an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, the photosensitive layer including an organic substance, the surface layer including a group 13 element and nitrogen, a thickness of the surface layer being from about 0.01 &#x3bc;m to less than about 1 &#x3bc;m, and a center line average roughness (Ra) of a surface of the surface layer being about 0.01 &#x3bc;m or less; a manufacturing method thereof; a process cartridge; and an image forming device.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and manufacturing method thereof, process cartridge, and image forming device

An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer formed thereon in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a Group 13 element and at least one of nitrogen or oxygen.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and process cartridge and image-forming apparatus using the same

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor prevents the generation of excessive residual potential, which usually occurs on a photoreceptor having a protective layer composed of an inorganic material, and achieves both of high durability and favorable electrical characteristics. An electrophotographic photoreceptor composed of a conductive substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface layer formed in this order, wherein the total composition ratio of a group 13 element, oxygen, and hydrogen to the total element content in the surface layer is 0.95 or more, and the abundance ratio of the oxygen to the group 13 element is from 1.1 to 1.5.

Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an organic photoreception layer that is formed on a conductive base and includes at least polycarbonate. An outermost surface of the organic photoreception layer has been subjected to surface treatment using plasma of gas including hydrogen, or hydrogen and nitrogen.

Growing community of inventors

Kanagawa, Japan

Shigeru Yagi