Xerox Corporation

Shigang S. Qiu

Juan a. Morales-Tirado

William H., Jr. Hollenbaugh

Vladislav Skorokhod

Raj D. Patel

Kimberly D. Nosella

Wafa F. Bashir

Emily L. Moore

Daryl Vanbesien

Karen a. Moffat

Edward G. Zwartz

Maria N V. Mcdougall

Ke Zhou

Patricia a. Burns

Shigang S Qiu

Santiago Faucher

Richard P N Veregin

Karen Ann Moffat

Chieh-Min Cheng

Yulin Wang

Cuong Vong

Kimberly D Nosella

Edward Graham Zwartz

Tie Hwee Ng

Guerino G Sacripante

Fumii Higuchi

Allan K Chen

Peter Van Nguyen

Wafa Faisul Bashir

Amy Avolia Grillo

Joo T Chung

Emily Louise Moore

David R Kurceba

Christopher M Wolfe

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Michael Steven Hawkins

Enno Eric Agur

Zhen Lai

Frank Ping-Hay Lee

John L Pawlak

Shigeng Li

Joseph L Leonardo

Michael J D'Amato

Brian J Andaya

Robert D Bayley

Paul Joseph Gerroir

Kevin F Marcell

Zhaoyang Ou

John Abate

Edward G Zwartz

Gabriel Iftime

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

Jordan H Wosnick

Maura A Sweeney

Yu Liu

Alexander N Klymachyov

Aurelian Valeriu Magdalinis

Timothy L Lincoln

Yanjia Zuo

Steven M Malachowski

Judith M Vandewinckel

Abdisamed Sheik-Qasim

Jay Lee Schneider

David John William Lawton

Rashid Mahmood

Yi Xin Gong

Randy Pheav Tin

Kathryne S Brockman

Frank Ping Hay Lee

Yiliang Wu

Valerie M Farrugia

Raj D Patel

Yuhua Tong

C Geoffrey Allen

Rina Carlini

T Brian McAneney

Maria N V McDougall

George Liebermann

Samir Kumar

Patricia Ann Burns

Melanie Lynn Davis

Joseph August Bartel

Richard Philip Nelson Veregin

Eric M Strohm

David J W Lawton

Nathan Maurice Belliveau

Eric David Godshall

Mark R Elliott

Linda S Schriever

Anthony Uttaro, Jr

Karina Lopez

Jon T Owens

Daniel G Marsh

David T Borbely

John P Kallo

Ryan Accetta

Kelly Zhou

Mikhail Hanewich-Hollatz

Amgad W Sifain

Keegan Rankin

Emine Irmak Serifoglu

T Brian Mcaneney

Richard Pn Veregin

Maria N Mcdougall

Frank Ping Lee

Wafa F Bashir

John Kallo

Enno E Agur

Karen A Moffat

Daryl W Vanbesien

Provided is an emulsion that includes a water phase and a resin containing phase. The emulsion is prepared from a mixture comprising water, a surfactant, a resin that includes an acidic moiety, and an organic compound having at least two different moieties. Each of the two moieties have a single functionality or dual functionality. The single functionality and the dual functionality are selected from a capability to neutralize the acidic moiety of the resin, a capability to form a hydrogen bond, or both.

Solvent free emulsification processes

A toner including a resin; and a colorant wax comprising a plurality of colorant wax particles comprising a colorant core surrounded by a wax shell, wherein the colorant wax particles exhibit a particle size distribution of from about 150 nanometers to less than about 300 nanometers; and wherein the colorant wax is prepared by (a) melting and mixing a dry colorant with at least one wax to form a colorant concentrate, wherein the colorant concentrate contains at least 25 percent by weight of colorant; (b) milling the colorant concentrate of step (a) to form a milled colorant concentrate; (c) combining the milled colorant concentrate of (b) with water and dispersing to form the plurality of colorant wax particles; wherein the melting and mixing of step (a) and the milling of step (b) is done in an immersion media mill; and wherein the combining of step (c) is done using a piston homogenizer.

Toner comprising colorant wax dispersion

Disclosed herein are formulations and processes for the preparation of pigment and wax dual dispersions by (1) providing a solution comprising a water and at least one surfactant in a dispersion apparatus comprising a container, a rotor-stator homogenizer, and a piston homogenizer coupled via a recirculation device; (2) adding at least one pigment to the solution; (3) forming a pigment dispersion by flowing the at least one pigment and the solution to the rotor-stator homogenizer via the recirculation device; (4) adding at least one wax to the pigment dispersion; and (5) flowing the at least one wax and pigment dispersion to the piston homogenizer via the recirculation device until a pigment and wax dual dispersion is formed. Also disclosed herein are pigment and wax dual dispersions, as well as a dispersion apparatus for preparing pigment and wax dual dispersions. In certain embodiments, a dispersion apparatus for preparing a pigment and wax dual dispersion may comprise a container, a rotor-stator homogenizer, a piston homogenizer, and a recirculation device coupled to the container and the homogenizers that allows a dispersion to flow between the container and the homogenizers.

Process and apparatus for preparing pigment and wax dual dispersions

A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.

Robust resin for solvent-free emulsification

A process is provided comprising forming a phase inversed resin emulsion comprising a resin, water, and an organic solvent, wherein the process excludes subjecting the phase inversed resin emulsion to an organic solvent removal technique, thereby retaining the organic solvent in the phase inversed resin emulsion. The phase inversed resin emulsion may be formed by dissolving a resin in an organic solvent to form a resin mixture; optionally, adding a neutralizing agent to the resin mixture to neutralize acid groups on the resin; and adding a sufficient amount of water to the resin mixture to emulsify and induce phase inversion in the resin mixture. Also provided are processes for preparing particles and processes for preparing toners utilizing the phase inversed resin emulsions.

Phase inversed resin emulsions

A method of synthesizing a branched polyester resin. Particularly, the method includes an alkoxylation reaction that includes reacting a monomer bisphenol A with a cyclic alkylene carbonate.

Method of making branched polyester resin

A method of making a branched polyester resin with a target glass transition temperature. Particularly, the target glass transition temperature can be achieved by adjusting the molar ratio of the first cyclic alkylene carbonate to the second cyclic alkylene carbonate; adjusting the molar ratio of the first alkoxylated BPA monomer to the second alkoxylated BPA monomers; adjusting the molar ratio of the first diacid to the second diacid; or any combination thereof.

Method of making branched polyester resin with a target glass transition temperature

A process for making a latex by phase inversion emulsification in an agitated reactor column is described.

Latex preparation using an agitated reactor column

A process for making a crystalline latex suitable for use in a toner by phase inversion emulsification (PIE) where the liquid reagents, such as, organic solvent(s), neutralizing agent and water, are reused from a prior PIE.

Crystalline latex production

Incorporation of organic amines as neutralization agents in based phase inversion emulsification (PIE) processes to provide emulsification of high molecular amorphous and high molecular branch amorphous polyester resins, which are traditionally difficult to emulsify. The organic amines facilitate emulsification of these resins to achieve desired particle size with a narrow size distribution.

Neutralizing agents for resin emulsions

The disclosure provides robust phase inversion emulsification (PIE) processes, which produces polyester latex particles having particle size distributions with high centering capability indexes (Cpk), for the preparation of toners of good quality.

Robust phase inversion emulsification process for polyester latex production

A process for making a latex emulsion where distillation occurs at an elevated temperature is used to make resin particles with a conditioned surface which can be used to make magenta toner with increased efficiency.

Magenta toner

A process for making a latex emulsion including contacting at least one amorphous polyester resin with at least two organic solvents to form a resin mixture, adding a neutralizing agent, and deionized water to the resin mixture, removing the solvent from the formed latex, and separating the solvent from water. Further, the process is carried out above the resin Tg for making the latex, which drives the latex particle size under 100 nm, where toners made from the latex show improved charging performance.

Preparing amorphous polyester resin emulsions

The disclosure describes a process to produce toner with tunable gloss levels comprising a stabilizer to freeze particle growth following aggregation, where the stabilizer does not chelate metal ions.

Tuning toner gloss with bio-based stabilizers

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Etobicoke, Canada

Shigang S Qiu