Apple Inc.

Shengchang Cai

Sheng Zhang

Shereef Shehata

Giovanni Carbone

Chaohao Wang

Jim Chen Chou

Enkhamgalan Dorjgotov

Igor Stamenov

Hasan Akyol

Jin Li

ByoungSuk Kim

Tong Zhu

Yi Huang

Xuebei Yang

Lingyu Zhu

Sterling G Orsten

Guanjun Tan

Tahereh Majdi

Aditi G Kanhere

Youngbae Son

Kyu Hyun Kim

Sijia Ma

Embodiments presented herein relate to reducing perceivable image artifacts on an electronic display caused by variances in emission timing of emission groups, and more specifically, to emission techniques that can be used with foveated content, such as dynamically foveated content. For example, an image frame may be divided into multiple foveation regions based on viewing characteristics, such as a viewer's gaze. To improve perceived image quality, a first foveation region may use a higher pixel resolution while a second foveation region may use a lower pixel resolution, which may result in differences in programming time. As such, one or more intra-frame pauses may be used when programming the second foveation region to delay emission timing of the second foveation region. In this way, programming time for the image frame may be more consistent and perceivable image artifacts from frame to frame may be reduced.

Intra-frame pause and delayed emission timing for foveated displays

An electronic device may have a display panel. Light from the display panel may be focused by a lens assembly towards a viewer. Optical crosstalk, off-axis color shift, and/or the presence of the lens assembly may cause color non-uniformity in images viewed through the lens assembly. To obtain color calibration information, first information may be used to simulate the color of the display panel when viewed through a lens assembly from a first number of points. The first information may include an average display panel color emission profile and a map of correlation between pixel locations and incident angles and corresponding pupil locations and gaze directions. The color of the display panel through the lens assembly may be measured at the first number of points to extract a lens non-uniformity contribution. The lens non-uniformity contribution may then be used to simulate color at a second, larger number of points.

Method of obtaining color calibration information for an electronic device

Systems and methods are provided for using an optical crosstalk compensation (OXTC) block to compensate for optical crosstalk resulted from a combination of viewing angle change across field of view (FoV), color filter (CF) crosstalk, and the OLED various angle color shift (VACS) of a foveated electronic display. One or more two-dimensional (2D) OXTC factor maps are used to determine OXTC factors for input image data of the OXTC block, and the OXTC factors are updated on a per frame basis. Offset values are determined using a parallel architecture and used to determine the OXTC factors. Compensation weights are used to determine weighted OXTC factors to improve processing efficiency. Output image data are obtained by applying the weighted OXTC factors to the input image data.

Optical crosstalk compensation for foveated display

Techniques for implementing and/or operating an electronic device that includes or utilizes a display panel. The display panel includes an organic light-emitting diode layer, an encapsulation layer disposed over the organic light-emitting diode layer, and a color filter layer disposed over the encapsulation layer. The color filter layer overhangs the organic light-emitting diode layer and comprises a first color filter cell of a first color component sub-pixel that at least partially overlaps an organic light-emitting diode of a second color component sub-pixel that is a different color compared to the first color component sub-pixel.

Digital optical cross-talk compensation systems and methods

It may be desirable to implement a vignetting effect in a display. The vignetting effect causes the display to have a light-emitting area that gradually fades to a black, non-light-emitting area. The vignetting effect allows for the size and shape of the light-emitting area to be controlled while still being aesthetically pleasing to a viewer. To implement a vignetting mask for the vignetting effect, control circuitry in the electronic device may apply dimming factors to image data for the display. To avoid artifacts caused by the vignetting mask, an initial array of dimming factors for implementing the vignetting mask may have a range between &#x2212;0.5 and 1.5. After upsampling, clamping may be performed to reduce the range of the dimming factors to between 0 and 1. Ultimately, the dimming factors are applied to image data for each frame to implement the vignetting mask in each frame.

Display with a vignetting mask

Display panel optical cross-talk compensation systems and methods

Systems and methods are provided to compensate image data for display on a curved display. A pixel uniformity compensation factor may be applied based on a pixel uniformity compensation factor map that is calibrated to the display panel while the display panel has a flat shape, and a panel curvature compensation factor may be applied when the image content is to be displayed while the display panel has a curved shape. The panel curvature compensation factor may be based on a panel curvature compensation factor map that is calibrated to the display panel after the display panel is bent from the flat shape to the curved shape.

Curved display panel color and brightness calibration systems and methods

Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for testing and compensating for pixel degradation in an electronic display based on current and voltage values sensed in a reference array. An electronic display includes an active array, a reference array, and sensing circuitry. A compensation manager obtains current data values of the reference array from the sensing circuitry. The compensation manager generates a current-voltage curve based on the current data and adjusts the current-voltage curve to compensate for variations in temperature and/or pixel brightness. In this way, the compensation manager may improve performance of the electronic display by, for example, by reducing visible anomalies.

Reference array current sensing

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Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America

Shengchang Cai