Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.p.

Peridot Print LLC

Hewlett-Packard Development, L.p.

Shannon Reuben Woodruff

Emre Hiro Discekici

Graciela Emma Negri Jimenez

Carolin Fleischmann

Erica Montei Fung

Rachael Donovan

Ali Emamjomeh

Greg Scott Long

Jacob Wright

Stephen G Rudisill

Jesiska Tandy

Kenneth Flack

Alexey S Kabalnov

Yi Feng

Carmina Querol Esparch

Geoffrey Schmid

Thomas Michael Sabo

Alay Yemane

Vladek P Kasperchik

Dennis J Schissler

Jason Christopher Butler

Krzysztof Nauka

Hector Jose Lebron

Matthew Allen Shepherd

Tienteh Chen

James William Stasiak

Morgan Thomas Schramm

Jake Wright

Vanessa Verzwyvelt

Emily Levin

Katrina Donovan

Graciela E Negri

Mark H Kowalski

Jacob Tyler Wright

Graciela Negri Jimenez

An example of a three-dimensional (3D) build material composition includes from about 70 wt % to about 95 wt % of polyamide particles, based upon a total weight of the build material composition; and from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of biodegradable polyester filler particles, based upon the total weight of the build material composition. The biodegradable polyester filler particles are present in the build material composition without any additional filler particles.

Three-dimensional printing

The present disclosure includes a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing. The multi-fluid kit can include a fusing agent comprising water and a radiation absorber that absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat, an acidic agent having a pH from about pH 1 to about pH 6.9 that includes water and an acidic component, and a pore-promoting agent including water and a pore-promoting compound. The pore-promoting compound can chemically react with the acidic component to generate a gas, and can be selected from sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or a combination thereof.

Three-dimensional printing with pore-promoting agents and acidic agents

An example of a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a fusing agent and a surface treating agent. The fusing agent includes an electromagnetic radiation absorber and a first aqueous vehicle. The surface treating agent includes a second aqueous vehicle, a surfactant, and benzyl alcohol dissolved in the second aqueous vehicle.

Multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional (3D) printing, and three-dimensional printing

The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent, a hydrophobizing agent, and a hydrophilizing agent. The fusing agent can include water and an electromagnetic radiation absorber, wherein the electromagnetic radiation absorber absorbs radiation energy and converts the radiation energy to heat. The hydrophobizing agent can include water and a hydrophobic additive including a first polymer having a hydrophobic group, a monomer that is polymerizable to form a first polymer having a hydrophobic group, or a combination thereof. The hydrophilizing agent can include water and a hydrophilic additive including a second polymer having a hydrophilic group.

Three-dimensional printing with hydrophobizing and hydrophilizing agents

A particulate build material for three-dimensional printing can include from about 80 wt % to about 99.5 wt % of a polyamide particles, and from about 0.5 w % to about 7.5 wt % of thermally conductive particles including cubic lattice structured particles of carbon, cubic lattice structured particles of boron and nitrogen, or a combination thereof.

Three-dimensional printing with polyamides and cubic lattice structured particles

In an example of a method for three-dimensional (3D) printing, a polymeric build material is applied to form a build material layer. A fusing agent is selectively applied, based on a 3D object model, onto the build material layer to form a patterned portion. A hydrophilic agent is selectively applied, based on the 3D object model, onto at least a portion of the patterned portion. The hydrophilic agent includes from 1 wt % to 12 wt % of a hydrophilic polymer dissolved in an aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the hydrophilic polymer has a molar mass ranging from 1000 g/mol to 12,000 g/mol and is water-absorbent at a water to hydrophilic polymer weight ratio from 2:1 to 1000:1. The build material layer is exposed to energy to selectively coalesce the patterned portion and form a 3D object layer having a hydrophilic portion.

An example of an ultraviolet (UV) light fusing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a vehicle and a multi-functional antioxidant and UV light absorber dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes water and a water miscible or water soluble organic solvent. The multi-functional antioxidant and UV light absorber includes a metal oxide particle that is to absorb UV radiation having a wavelength within a range from about 330 nm to about 405 nm and a passivating agent complexed with at least a portion of a surface of the metal oxide.

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a polymer build material and a fusing agent. The polymer build material can include from about 80 wt % to about 100 wt % polymeric particles. The fusing agent can include an aqueous liquid vehicle, an electromagnetic radiation absorber to absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat, and an endothermic decomposition compound that can undergo thermal decomposition at a temperature ranging from about 60° C. to about 400° C.

Three-dimensional printing kits

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a polymeric build material including from about (80) wt % to (100) wt % polymer particles having an average particle size from about (10) μm to about (150) μm, and can also include a fusing agent including an aqueous liquid vehicle and from about (2) wt % to about (20) wt % of a mixture of organic dye radiation absorbers. The mixture of organic dye radiation absorbers can include a charged yellow water-soluble organic dye and a cyan water-soluble organic dye. The mixture of the organic dye radiation absorbers can be from about (1) wt % to about (40) wt % soluble in water.

Three-dimensional printing with organic dye radiation absorbers

This disclosure describes hydrogel three-dimensional printing kits, methods of three-dimensional printing hydrogels, and hydrogel three-dimensional printing systems. In one example, a hydrogel three-dimensional printing kit can include a particulate build material and an aqueous agent. The particulate build material can include from about 90 wt % to 100 wt % of a mixture of a powdered polyhydroxylated swellable polymer dry blended with powdered water-soluble crosslinker that is reactive with hydroxyl groups of the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer to crosslink the polyhydroxylated swellable polymer. The aqueous agent can include water and an organic co-solvent, and the aqueous agent may not include the crosslinker.

Hydrogel three-dimensional printing with self-crosslinking particulate build material

An example of a jettable antioxidant formulation is for three-dimensional (3D) printing. The jettable antioxidant formulation includes an antioxidant blend; a surfactant, a dispersant, or a combination thereof; a water soluble or water miscible organic co-solvent; and water. The antioxidant blend consists of a primary antioxidant and a secondary antioxidant.

The present disclosure provides methods of three-dimensional printing, including iteratively applying individual build material layers of polymer particles having a D50 particle size from about 20 μm to about 150 μm to a build material, and based on a three-dimensional object model, selectively applying a fusing agent onto the individual build material layers to form individually patterned object layers of the three-dimensional object and selectively applying a pore-promoting agent onto the individual build material layers at a discrete location of the individually patterned object layers to form a pore-generating region therein. The method also includes exposing the build material to electromagnetic energy to provide selective heat fusing of the polymer particles and to generate and displace molten polymer leaving a localized void having a void size from about 1 mm to about 20 mm.

Three-dimensional printing with pore-promoting agents

An example of a kit for 3D printing includes a build material composition and a fusing agent to be applied to at least a portion of the build material composition during 3D printing. The build material composition of the kit includes a polyamide 6,13 material, a phosphorus-containing antioxidant, and a sulfur-containing antioxidant, or a polyamide 6 material, the sulfur-containing antioxidant, and a phenolic antioxidant. The fusing agent includes a radiation absorber to absorb radiation to melt or fuse the build material composition in the at least the portion.

A three-dimensional printing kit can include a build material, a fusing agent, and a flame retardant. The build material can include polyamide particles. The fusing agent can include a radiation absorber to generate heat from absorbed electromagnetic radiation and an aqueous liquid vehicle including water. The flame retardant can include 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. The flame retardant can be included at from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % in the fusing agent, at from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % in a flame retardant agent if present that is separate from the fusing agent, or at from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % in the fusing agent and from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % in the flame retardant agent.

Three-dimensional printing with flame retardant

The present disclosure is drawn to food contact compliant three-dimensional printing kits, materials, compositions, systems, and methods. In some examples, described herein is an example of a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing comprising: a food contact compliant fusing agent comprising: at least about 70 wt % water based on the total weight of the food contact compliant fusing agent, food contact compliant carbon black dispersion in an amount of from about 3 wt % to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the food contact compliant fusing agent, and at least one food contact compliant water soluble first co-solvent present in the food contact compliant fusing agent in an amount of from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total weight of the food contact compliant fusing agent.

Growing community of inventors

San Diego, CA, United States of America

Shannon Reuben Woodruff