The Penn State Research Foundation

Hoechst Celanese Corporation

North American Philips Corporation

Sei-Joo Jang

Ahmad Safari

Joseph P Dougherty

Geon Sagong

Thomas R Shrout

Robert E Newnham

Clive A Randall

Wesley S Hackenberger

Dragan Damjanovic

Philip M Pruna

Kamau Wa Gachigi

MingFang Song

Beth Jones

Steven Perini

Kiyoshi Takeuchi

A method for densifying a dielectric antiferroelectric material includes the steps of adding a compound which includes lithium to the dielectric material to create a mixture thereof. Thereafter, the mixture is heated to a temperature of not greater than about 1100.degree. C. for a predetermined period to densify the mixture. It is preferred that the lithium compound be a lithium salt and that the dielectric material comprise a PLZT composition.

Method for reduction of sinter temperatures of antiferroelectric,

A cardiac defibrillator includes a multilayer capacitor with a plurality of conductive electrodes and interspersed dielectric layers, each dielectric layer composed of constituents which cause it to exhibit an antiferroelectric phase. The constituents of each dielectric layer are such as to cause each layer to exhibit plural ferroelectric phases. The defibrillator includes a charging circuit for applying to the capacitor an electric field across each dielectric layer which causes a transition thereof through the plural ferroelectric phases. PLZT is the preferred dielectric material, at constituent values which cause the material to lie within the antiferroelectric phase and to exhibit plural ferroelectric phases.

Cardiac defibrillator with multi-phase ferroelectric/antiferroelectric

A PET-polymer composite of 0-3 connectivity further includes a third phase particulate additive of conductive or semiconductive material to increase the electrical conductivity of the polymer matrix.

Easily poled 0-3 piezoelectric composites for transducer applications

A PZT-polymer composite of 0-3 connectivity further includes a third phase particulate additive of conductive or semiconductive material to increase the electrical conductivity of the polymer matrix.

An improved lead calcium titanate piezoelectric sintered body is produced by sintering in air at 1000.degree. C.-1200.degree. C. a calcined mixture of oxides or oxide compounds in amounts adapted to form a composition of the formula Pb.sub.1-x Ca.sub.x Ti.sub.1-y (Co.sub.1/2 W.sub.1/2).sub.y O.sub.3 +0.005-0.02(A) where A is at least one of MnO, MnO.sub.2, NiO and Nb.sub.2 O.sub.3, wherein x=0.3-0.4 and 0.04&lt;y.ltoreq.0.06.

Lead calcium titanate piezoelectric ceramic element

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State College, PA, United States of America

Sei-Joo Jang