Bp Chemicals (additives) Limited

Bp Chemicals Limited

Lubrizol Adibis Holdings (uk) Limited

Other

Bp International Limited

Lubrizol Adibis Holdings Limited

Bp Chemicals (additive) Limited

Sean P O'Connor

Charles Cane

John Crawford

Stephen J Cook

John E Hamlin

Richard A'Court

William J Fox

Andrew Pearce

David A Duncan

An aircraft that has a set of wings which spin about respective axes that are laterally spaced apart in a horizontal plane of the aircraft, parallel to each other, and positioned adjacent respective frame portions, each of said frame portions defining a continuous surface, having a semi-circular cross-section means being provided to drive the sets of wings so that, as they spin, each wing of said sets of wings moves sequentially upwards inside its respective frame portion, and downwards outside its respective frame portion so as to provide lift to the aircraft.

Aircraft that can fly horizontally and vertically

An additive concentrate suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil composition is disclosed. The additive concentrate comprises:

Alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenates, their sulphurized

A detergent concentrate composition suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil comprises: (A) an additive concentrate comprising:

Detergent compositions

Lubricating oil compositions

A lubricating oil composition suitable for use in low or medium speed diesel engines comprises a fuel oil with a residual oil content characterised in that the lubricating oil composition further comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate concentrate having a TBN greater than 300, and at least one of a hydrocarbyl-substituted salicylate and a hydrocarbyl-substitute sulphonate. The hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate is preferably one modified by incorporation of a carboxylic acid of the formula RCH(R.sub.1)CO.sub.2 H where R is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 alkyl group and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group e.g. stearic acid.

Process for producing an additive concentrate having a viscosity of less than 1000 cSt at 100 EC, by reacting at elevated temperature and in the presence of an inorganic halide or calcium acetate catalyst (A) either (i) a hydrocarbyl phenol or (ii) a hydrocarbyl phenol and sulphur, (B) an alkaline earth metal base added in either a single addition or in a plurality of additions during the reaction, (C) either a polyhydric alcohol having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a di- or tri- C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 glycol, an alkylene glycol alkyl ether or a polyalkylene glycol alkyl ether, (D) a lubricating oil, (E) carbon dioxide added subsequent to the, or each, addition of compound (B), and (F) sufficient to provide from 12 to less than 40% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate of either (i) a carboxylic acid having the formula RCH(R')COOH, wherein R is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 --COOH group, or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof, the weight ratios of components (A) to (F) being such as to produce a concentrate having a TBN greater than 350.

An additive concentrate suitable for incorporation into a into a finished lubricating oil composition, the additive concentrate comprising: (a) a lubricating oil; (b) a lubricating oil soluble sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate modified by incorporation of from greater than 2 to 35% by weight based on the weight of the composition of either (i) at least one carboxylic acid having formula (I), wherein R is C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group and R.sup.1 is either hydrogen, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a --CH.sub.2 --COOH group, or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing from 36 to 100 carbon atoms or an anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof, the composition having a TBN greater than 300.

Sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenates, their production

A detergent concentrate composition suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil comprises:

A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 comprises reacting at elevated temperature

Process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate

A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 which process comprises reacting component (A) a defined derivative of phenol component (B) an alkaline earth metal base added either in a single addition of in a plurality of additions at intermediate points during the reaction, component (C) at least one compound which is (i) water, (ii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 monohydric alcohol, (iii) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ketone, (iv) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid ester or (v) a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ether, component (D) a lubricating oil, component (E) carbon dioxide added subsequent to the, or each, addition of component (B), component (F) a defined carboxylic acid or derivative component (G) at least one compound which is (i) an inorganic halide or (ii) an ammonium alkanoate or a mono-, di-, tri, or tetra-alkyl ammonium formate or alkanoate provided that, when component (G) is (ii), component (F) is not an acid chloride, the weight ratios of all components being such as to produce a concentrate having a TBN greater than 300.

A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 which process comprises reacting at elevated temperature

An additive concentrate composition having a TBN greater than 300 suitable for incorporation into a finished lubricating oil composition comprising:

Alkaline earth metal sulphurised hydrocarbyl phenate-containing additive

A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate comprises reacting at elevated temperature

Production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate

Lubricating oil additives

The invention relates to an internal combustion fuel concentrate comprising: (a) from 1 to 95% of a chlorine-free carbamate prepared by reacting a carbamate of formula ##STR1## with a compound of the formula R OH (VI) in the presence of either a strone organic base or a tetra hydrocarbyl titanate so as to exchange the group R in formula (I) with a group R.sup.1 in formula (II), and (b) a fuel compatible solvent therefor. In the formula (I) R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group and R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group different from R. In formula (I), X and Y are independently any of hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or the group of the formula ##STR2## where Z is either a divalent hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula

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North Humberside, United Kingdom

Sean P O'Connor