USA As Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Scott A Trammell

Brett D Martin

Jawad Naciri

Jeffrey R Deschamps

Walter J Dressick

Paul T Charles

David A Stenger

Daniel Zabetakis

Jeffrey C DePriest

Ian D Giles

Jeffrey C Depriest

Jasenka Verbarg

Joel M Schnur

Mark E Twigg

Lisa C Shriver-Lake

Nikolai Lebedev

Stanislav Tsoi

David Kurt Gaskill

Rachael L Myers-Ward

Scott G Walton

Michael A Markowitz

Mazyar Zeinali

Sandra C Hangarter

This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

Electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles)

An electrically conducting organic oligomer made from the steps of preparing an acidic aqueous solution with a monomer; preparing the acidic aqueous solution by mixing a solution of about 1.6 wt % HCl in DI water with a monomer; forming about a 0.3 M solution preparing a second aqueous solution with a sodium persulfate oxidant; mixing the acidic aqueous solution with the second aqueous solution; and allowing a reaction to proceed at about 40&#xb0; C.

Electrically conducting oligo(pyrazoles)

An electrochemical cell includes a working electrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution, a counter electrode in contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution, and a reference electrode in contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution. The working electrode comprises a plasma modified epitaxial synthesized graphene surface fabricated on SiC.

Plasma modified epitaxial fabricated graphene on SiC for electrochemical trace detection of explosives

An electrically conducting organic oligomer comprising 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl-amine, 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-trichloromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-tribromomethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-ammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-trimethylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-triethylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, or 4-tripropylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine. An electrically conducting organic oligomer made from the steps of preparing an acidic aqueous solution with a monomer, preparing the acidic aqueous solution by mixing water with a monomer (3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile), forming a solution preparing a second aqueous solution, mixing the acidic aqueous solution with the second aqueous solution, and allowing a reaction to proceed at about 40&#xb0; C.

A method of detecting chlorate in soil includes contacting soil wetted with a solvent containing an electrically conductive salt with an electrode comprising layers of vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdate alternating with layers of para-rosaniline, and performing voltammetry with the electrode, wherein a catalytic reduction current indicates a likelihood of the presence or absence of chlorate in the soil. A system includes a potentiostat operably connected to the electrode and in communication with hardware and software sufficient to produce an output indicating a chlorate level in soil.

System for electrochemical detection of chlorate explosives

Electrochemical probe for detection of chlorate explosives

Described herein is an approach using inexpensive, disposable chemical sensor probes that can be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and used to analyze a site (such as one known or suspected to contain explosive residue, spilled material or contaminated soil) without the need for a person to conduct ground operations at the site. The method involves contacting a soil or a surface with a filter paper wetted with a solvent, then subjecting the filter paper to spectroscopy, thus detecting a possible variation indicative of one or more analytes, wherein the solvent is a deep eutectic solvents consisting of a mixture of ethylene glycol and choline chloride.

Spectroscopic method for the extraction and electrochemical detection of explosives and explosive components in soils using filter paper, and electrolyte

Described herein is an approach using inexpensive, disposable chemical sensor probes that can be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and used to analyze a site (such as one known or suspected to contain explosive residue, spilled material or contaminated soil) without the need for a person to conduct ground operations at the site. The method involves contacting a soil or a surface with a filter paper wetted with a solvent, then subjecting the filter paper to voltammetry and/or spectroscopy, thus detecting a possible variation indicative of one or more analytes, wherein the solvent is the deep eutectic solvent consisting of a mixture of ethylene glycol and choline chloride.

Unmanned aerial vehicle system for the extraction and electrochemical detection of explosives and explosive components in soils using filter paper and electrolyte

An electrically conducting organic oligomer comprising 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile, 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, 3-amino-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole, or 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid. An electrically conducting organic oligomer comprising 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl-amine, 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-trichloromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-tribromomethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-ammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-trimethylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, 4-triethylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, or 4-tripropylammonium-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-amine, methods of making and products of the method thereof.

Encapsulated fluorescent metal nanoparticles for radiation detection comprising metal ions in an aqueous solution encapsulated in a nanocapsule, wherein the metal ions form atoms when exposed to gamma-ray initiated reduction of the ions and then aggregate to form fluorescent nanoparticles.

Passive chemical system for detection of gamma irradiation

Described herein is an approach using inexpensive, disposable chemical sensor probes that can be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and used to analyze a site (such as one known or suspected to contain explosive residue, spilled material or contaminated soil) without the need for a person to conduct ground operations at the site. The method involves contacting a soil or a surface with a filter paper wetted with a solvent, then subjecting the filter paper to voltammetry and/or spectroscopy, thus detecting a possible variation indicative of one or more analytes, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of polar aprotic or protic solvents having a boiling point of at least 100&#xb0; C., room temperature ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents.

Method for the extraction and electrochemical detection of explosives and explosive components in soils using electrodes, filter paper, and electrolyte

This disclosure concerns two novel electrically conducting organic oligomers: oligo(3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile) or 'oligo(AP-CN)' and oligo(4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl-amine) or 'oligo(AP-NO)', and methods of making thereof.

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Springfield, VA, United States of America

Scott A Trammell