US Government As Represented by the Secretary of the Army

Institute for Systems Biology

Sanchao Liu

Christian J Sund

Elliot S Gerlach

Theresah N K Zu

James R Heath

Matthew N Idso

Matthew B Coppock

Alexander J Winton

A method of producing chemicals includes providing fermentative cells; co-feeding any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers with carbohydrates to the fermentative cells; and producing a chemical from the fermentative cells. The fermentative cells may include any ofand. The carbohydrates may include any of glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, xylose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, and starch. The method may include providing a substantially equal proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers and the carbohydrates for co-feeding to the fermentative cells. The method may include altering a proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers to the carbohydrates. The method may include modulating a production of the chemical by altering the proportion of the any of galacturonate and galacturonate polymers to the carbohydrates. The chemical may include any of acetate and butyrate.

Use of galacturonate and or galacturonate polymers in conjunction with carbohydrates to control metabolic state of organisms

Disclosed are compounds, compositions, and methods relating to epitope-targeted immunostimulants (EPIs), which comprise a synthetic peptide ligand and an antibody-recruiting moiety. The peptide ligand binds an epitope on a target and the antibody-recruiting moiety recruits antibodies to the target when the EPI is bound to the epitope on the target. Also disclosed are compositions comprising any of the disclosed EPIs. Also disclosed are methods of stimulating an immune reaction to a microorganism or other pathogen in a subject where an EPI is administered to the subject. Also disclosed are methods of identifying the peptide ligand by using multi-omic analysis.

SARS-CoV-2 epitope-targeted peptide immunostimulants

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Ellicott City, MD, United States of America

Sanchao Liu